环境保护和环境容量产权的合理界定

环境容量是经济增长和环境保护兼顾的结合点．通过环境容量资源产权的双重界定,即用在地方政府层面上的界定和企业层面上的界定来实现经济和环境的协调发展．     

Variation in metabolism of BOA among species in various field communities – biochemical evidence for co-evolutionary processes in plant communities?

Summary. The capacity of benzoxazolinone metabolization of dicotyledonous species characteristic for the former vegetation classes Secalietea (grain field weed communities) and Chenopodietea (hoed vegetable communities) was estimated by the production of BOA-6-OH, BOA-6-β-O-glucoside, and BOA-N-glucoside. Except for Urtica urens, Galinsoga ciliata, and Polygonum aviculare (Chenopodietea), all species tested were able to synthesize BOA-6-OH, its glucoside, and BOA-N-glucoside, but effectiveness of BOA metabolism differed highly depending on species and plant organ. There was no correlation between bacterial phenoxazinone production and appearance of metabolites in the plants. Bioassays demonstrated that N-glucosylation is more efficient in BOA detoxification than O-glucosylation. The intermediate BOA-6-OH, however, is more harmful than BOA itself. It is therefore assumed that the ability to synthesize BOA-N-glucoside reduces the sensitivity to BOA strikingly. Since the detoxification capacity did not correlate with the taxonomic position, the affiliation of the species tested with the corresponding plant communities was taken into consideration. Evidently, the ecobiochemical potential of species to detoxify benzoxazolinone, regarded as an essential secondary compound in rye and wheat fields, reflects their occurrence in those plant associations. The ability to cope with the compound could be the result of co-evolutionary processes and presents a hidden aspect of allelopathic interaction. Received 4 January 1999; accepted 14 June 1999.     

湘江铜霞段镉环境容量模型研究

镉是一种毒性很强的累积性重金属污染物,在<污水综合排放标准>中是第一类污染物.为了控制湘江铜霞段的镉污染,根据该段水环境功能要求及水力学特征,在分析多年水文参数和相应环境监测资料的基础上,根据质量守恒定律,应用稳态二维模型建立了该江段镉环境容量模型.经用该段2002年的3月、6月、9月和12月份的有关监测数据检验,结果表明,模型预测值与实测值相对误差为1.38%～21.4%,具有较好的相关性.该模型可用于该江段镉环境容量及水体中镉浓度时空分布的预测预报,对强化该江段环境管理、实施区域含镉废水污染源总量控制具有指导意义.     

哈大绥城市“十三五”期间大气环境容量分析

根据2016—2020年哈尔滨市、大庆市、绥化市(以下称哈大绥)国控环境空气自动监测站的SO₂、NO₂、PM_2.5监测资料,统计年鉴中行政区划、污染物排放及气象等监测数据,分析哈大绥区域环境空气质量的变化趋势和测算因子,采用A值法核定了哈大绥区域SO₂、NO₂、PM_2.5的大气环境容量。结果表明:哈大绥SO₂、NO₂、PM_2.5 3项污染物采暖季的大气环境容量均呈逐年递增趋势。通过计算环境承载能力发现,哈大绥SO₂、NO₂、PM_2.5 3项污染物在非采暖季均具有高承载能力,哈大绥非采暖季环境容量高于采暖季。哈尔滨的个别污染物仍然处于临界超载状态,为减少重污染天气,应进一步削减采暖季污染物排放量。     

火灾后钢筋混凝土板的承载力计算与可靠指标分析

本文利用有限差分法分析了火灾时钢筋混凝土板内最高温度分布，并根据有关火灾温度后钢筋与混凝土的本构关系及钢筋混凝土结构理论，用数值方法计算了钢筋混凝土板灾后承载能力。此外还根据结构可靠度理论分析了钢筋混凝土板在承受原设计荷载时其可靠指标的变化。     

Biodegradation of mixture of VOC's in a biofilter

Volatile organic compounds(VOC‘s) in air have become major concern in recent years. Biodegradation of a mixture of ethanol and methanol vapor was evaluated in a laboratory biofilter with a bed of compost and polystyrene particles using an acclimated mixed culture. The continuous performance of the biofilter was studied with different proportion of ethanol and methanol at different initial concentration and flow rates. The result showed significant removal for both ethanol and methanol, which were composition dependent.The presence of either compound in the mixture inhibited the biodegradation of the other.     

城市空气质量达标规划编制中的关键技术及其案例应用

本文结合重庆市空气质量限期达标规划编制案例,介绍了城市空气质量达标规划编制中的几个关键技术及其具体应用,包括本地化污染源排放清单编制、污染物来源解析、污染物排放形势预测与减排潜力分析以及大气环境容量核算等。本地化污染源排放清单是城市空气质量达标规划编制的基础,针对现有污染源制定科学合理的减排方案是达标规划的核心内容。分析不同区域的污染物组分浓度特征、污染源贡献以及未来污染排放形势预测,有助于识别出制约未来空气质量达标的关键因素及污染源。基于污染源减排潜力和污染传输矩阵制定的污染源减排方案更具合理性和可行性,应用空气质量模型估算大气环境容量可为规划目标可达性提供依据。     

基于风险分析的公共场所人员安全容量确定方法

为满足目前公共场所安全容量定额管理需求,提出了基于风险分析的公共场所人员安全容量确定方法,具体分析了该方法的实现流程。首先从影响公共场所人员容量的风险源出发,分析活动类型、场所类型、参加人员和灾害事故这4个方面的人群风险源影响,而后从运动阈值、心理阈值、心理阈值和服务资源阈值4个承受力角度重点阐述了运动安全容量、生理安全容量、生理安全容量和服务安全容量。通过风险分析方法得到的安全容量,考虑了公共场所的风险特点,并且这个安全容量将随着风险因素的变化而不同。这个方法可用于指导公共场所人员安全容量定额管理。     

高校应急管理全过程能力评价指标体系构建研究

高校应急管理全过程能力是高校公共安全的重要保障,建立科学合理的高校应急管理全过程能力评价体系是所有高校安全管理的重要课题。本文借鉴了国内外有关高校突发事件应急管理能力的研究成果,基于全过程理念,将高校应急管理过程分为事前预防与准备、事中处置和事后恢复三个阶段,因此高校应急管理能力应包括预防与准备能力、处置能力和恢复能力,从而构建出高校应急管理全过程能力的综合评价指标体系,体系包括3个一级指标,10个二级指标和33个三级指标,以期为提升高校应急管理水平提供有益的参考和借鉴。