电网应急预案知识图谱构建方法与应用*

为提高电网应急预案知识的检索效率以及电网事故的处置效率,提出电网应急预案知识图谱的构建方法。首先,以电网自然灾害和大面积停电事件应急预案为数据源,分析电网应急预案知识内容体系框架;其次,采用基于规则与基于深度学习的知识抽取方式对应急预案进行知识抽取,并基于Neo4j图数据库对电网应急预案知识进行存储和可视化展示;最后,以某市大面积停电事件应急响应为例,分析电网应急预案知识图谱在实际案例中的有效性。研究结果表明:所构建电网应急预案知识图谱可对电网突发事故进行辅助决策,从而缩短应急决策时间,提高电网事故的应急处置效率。     

Theoretical and Empirical Study on Urban Population Carrying Capacity: Case of Haidian District in Beijing

Abstract

The measurement of urban population carrying capacity is the basis for cities’ sustainable development. However, the traditional study on population carrying capacity which was based on food supply is not applicable to the single urban area. This paper built a model for the analysis of urban carrying capacity, and took Haidian District in Beijing as an example to calculate the urban carrying capacity of Haidian District in the future, which was the basis for the improvement of the population carrying capacity. This study would also provide a reference to the measurement of the urban population carrying capacity for other cities and districts in China.     

精密离心机机箱设计研究

本机箱是精密离心机的重要组件,它可为离心机旋转平台提供良好的气流环境,为电容测微仪提供稳定支承,对保证离心机稳定可靠的运行有重要意义。针对10-6级精密离心机的使用要求,通过功能分析,确定了光滑环形整流罩形式的机箱结构。在此基础上,完成了机箱的结构设计和工艺分析,并进行了力学计算和试验测试。分析和试验结果表明,所设计的机箱可改善离心机风阻力矩和风阻波动,可有效降低风阻对离心机精度的影响。     

The impacts of warfare and armed conflict on land systems

ABSTRACT

Land-use decisions can change abruptly in response to shocks, and warfare and armed conflicts are among the most drastic and globally frequent shocks. Yet, our understanding of where armed conflict affects land systems, how land-use patterns are impacted, and how far-reaching and persistent these changes are, is partial. We used a spatially detailed dataset on armed conflict and a literature review to explore these questions. A number of key insights emerged from our study: (1) warfare and armed conflict affect land systems mainly in more densely populated areas, regardless of the dominating land use; (2) warfare and armed conflict can impact land systems in major ways, but these effects are diverse and not unidirectional; (3) warfare and armed conflict primarily affects land systems locally, but can forge telecouplings; and (4) although the impact of warfare and armed conflict is often immediate, it can instigate long-lasting land-use legacies.     

高炉煤粉喷吹站消防水系统设计

介绍了钢铁行业的高炉煤粉喷吹站消防水系统总的设计原则、设计方法,并针对某钢铁联合企业两座1 780 m3高炉合建的煤粉喷吹站消防水系统设计的工程实例,详细论述了高炉煤粉喷吹站消防水系统的选择方法、组成部分、主要参数的确定方法及控制方法。同时结合工程实践,对高炉煤粉喷吹站消防水系统设计中常遇到的一些问题提出了合理建议。     

Lessons from seabird conservation in Alaskan longline fisheries

Although bycatch of seabirds and other long-lived species is a critical conservation issue in world fisheries, case studies documenting significant reductions in the mortality of these low-productivity species in a fishery are rare. We studied progress toward seabird conservation in the Alaskan longline fisheries, one of the largest and most diverse demersal fisheries. We generated annual seabird bycatch rates in 4 target fisheries and all fisheries combined from 23 years of fisheries observer data. We used 0-inflated negative binomial models to evaluate variables influencing seabird bycatch per unit effort (BPUE) in 2 target fisheries. Following adoption of streamer lines, at first voluntarily and then mandatorily, seabird BPUE was reduced by 77–90%, preventing mortality of thousands of birds per year. Despite this, BPUE increased significantly in 2 of 4 target fisheries since streamer lines were adopted. Although night setting yielded significant reductions (74–97%) in seabird BPUE and significant increases (7–11%) in fish catch per unit effort over daytime setting, nighttime setting increased the BPUE of Northern Fulmar (Fulmarus glacialis) by 40% and nontarget fish species by 5–17%. Thus, best practices to prevent seabird mortalities in longline fisheries varied by species assemblage and fishery. Our results inform global efforts toward fisheries bycatch reduction by illustrating that successful conservation requires fishery-specific solutions, strong industry support, constant vigilance in analysis and reporting observer data, and ongoing outreach to fleets, especially to vessels with anomalously high BPUE.     

2014年1月沪渝高速公路汉宜段一次大雾个例分析

对2014年1月29~31日发生在沪渝高速公路湖北武汉—宜昌段(简称汉宜高速公路)的封路大雾过程气象要素进行分析。结果表明:(1)此次持续大雾过程发生时,近地层有逆温,地面处于高压底部前端的均压场,中纬度维持偏西气流,为大雾的形成和发展提供了有利的环流背景场条件;大雾消散后,地面处于冷高压控制;2)大雾造成的高速公路封路、解封前后,气象要素发生了较明显的变化。这些分析结果,对汉宜高速公路的大雾预警预报具有较好的指示意义。     

陕西省灾害保险赔案分析及防灾减灾

一般情况下,保险公司的赔案情况可以大体反映该区的灾害发生情况,本文通过对陕西省１９８５～１９９８年间的企业财产险、家庭财产险、机动车辆险、农业种植险等四个保险险种的赔案数据整理,并在对赔案状况、不同险种的 损失率与赔付率、赔案出险原因以及保险险种的赔案出险原因等进行分析、研究的基础上提出了今后的防灾减灾重点。     

基于案例推理的我国石油企业海外突发事件应急物资需求预测

随着我国石油企业海外业务不断发展,海外突发事件频发,对我国石油企业应急管理提出了更高的要求,作为应急管理重要组成部分的应急物资需求管理也成为关注的重点.但是海外环境的复杂性、不确定性等使得企业很难预测应急物资需求,为此将案例推理引入到石油企业海外突发事件应急物资需求预测中,通过建立案例库,以在发生新的突发事件时,检索案例库中与目标案例相匹配的案例,并依据匹配案例的结论,进行新案例的物资需求预测.     

城市水环境承载力及其实证研究

采用系统研究方法，对城市水环境承载力的概念、实质、功能及定量表达方法作出了分析，并利用系统动力学模拟手段进行了实证研究，利用水环境承载力指数变化对拟定的调整策略变量作出了预测、优化，得出了较满意的结论。