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41.
Re-Os法能够对金属硫化物矿物直接进行同位素定年,并可以根据矿物的Os同位素初始比值探讨成矿物质来源。它的研究对象还包括黑色页岩和洋底含金属沉积物等。普通Os法可以用于铂族元素矿物定年和成矿物源区的讨论。近年由常规Re-Os法衍生的Os-Os法有可能避免前者在定年技术方面的一些困难。Re-Os同位素体系为成矿年代学研究提供了广阔的前景。 相似文献
42.
本文报道了新疆核试验场周围地区9个调查区17种主要食品中90Sr、137Cs含量分别为1.1~72.3,0.3~40.7×10-2Bq·Kg-1;3个对照区分别为1.6~68.4,0.6~27.4×10-2Bq·Kg-1。两地区同类食品中90Sr、137Cs平均含量基本一致。调查区90Sr、137Cs所致成年居民有效剂量当量值分别为2μSV(集体剂量当量为30.0人· SV);0.3μSV(4.5人· SV)。对照区分别为2.2μSV(集体剂量当量为20.9人·SV);0.4μSV(3.0人·SV)。可见我国核试验产生的90Sr、137Cs对核试验场周围地区食品没有造成明显的局部污染,所致居民剂量当量负担仅为我国天然外照射所致年有效剂量当量(952μSV)的0.2%和0.03%。对该地区的广大居民健康不会产生有害的影响。 相似文献
43.
This study assesses the reliability of estimating gestational age via crown-rump or gestational sac measurements obtained at 8 weeks' gestation or earlier as part of routine physician office practice. To accomplish this, we studied 88 pregnancies managed at 45 different sites in which both an early first-trimester ultrasonically-derived gestational age estimate and a second-trimester biparietal diameter (BPD) estimate were available. The first-and second-trimester determinations were highly correlated, but the first-trimester determinations were, on average, 0.43 weeks earlier than the second. The first-trimester estimates were satisfactory for use in interpreting maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein (MSAFP) screening measurements, but second-trimester BPD measurements obtained prior to MSAFP screening should be the method of choice for interpreting MSAFP values, due to the increased sensitivity for detecting open spina bifida. 相似文献
44.
Xiang Liang 《环境科学学报(英文版)》1998,10(1):56-63
DatingsedimentsonseverallakesinferredfromradionuclideprofilesXiangLiangLakeSedimentandEnvironmentLaboratory,NanjingInstituteo... 相似文献
45.
西南喀斯特地区是我国生态环境最脆弱的地区之一,土壤侵蚀及其造成的石漠化已成为制约该区可持续发展最严重的生态环境问题。但是该区的侵蚀泥沙研究基础薄弱,利用核素示踪法研究侵蚀泥沙的报道较少。本文以桂林丫吉试验场的峰丛洼地小流域为研究对象,运用137Cs示踪技术定量研究了洼地泥沙堆积速率,确定了该洼地小流域1963年以来的泥沙堆积速率。初步研究结果表明,1963~2008年的45年间,丫吉1号洼地的泥沙堆积速率和堆积模数分别为0.104cm·a-1和13.68 t·km-2·a-1。讨论了研究小流域泥沙堆积与地面土壤流失的关系,认为研究区域近几十年以来的地面水土流失相当轻微,地面土壤流失速率仅为10余t·km-2·a-1。 相似文献
46.
辽东湾地区~(137)Cs大气沉降研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
利用137Cs示踪技术的前提条件是了解137Cs的大气沉降历史,从而准确求算区域环境中137Cs的背景值.本文利用日本秋田、东京及新泻地区137Cs年沉降数据,并结合相应的降水数据进行修正,对辽东湾地区137Cs的大气沉降进行了定量研究.结果表明,辽东湾地区137Cs的大气沉降趋势与北半球基本一致;1957—2008年辽东湾地区137Cs大气总沉降通量的模拟结果为1536 Bq·m-2(衰变校正至2009年),与该地区土壤中137Cs背景值较为接近;20世纪50年代末60年代初频繁的大气核试验和1986年的切尔诺贝利核事故是1963年和1986年两个137Cs沉降峰值产生的原因;1990年以后,沉降在地表的137Cs在风力侵蚀作用下,发生再悬浮,使得大气中137Cs沉降通量再次出现量级变化明显.福岛核事故产生的核素沉降对研究区的137Cs沉降通量的影响并不明显. 相似文献
47.
本文详细梳理了210Pb和137 Cs计年法在尼罗河三角洲泻湖沉积年代学研究的历史过程以及遇到的困境,并结合笔者近期研究结果,进一步论证了该手段在近百年湖泊沉积速率测定和沉积过程研究等方面仍具有较高适用性。同时,笔者从钻孔采样位置、岩性状况、采样间距、计算模式等四个方面提出了在实际应用210 Pb和137 Cs计年中应注意的细节,以期为今后该手段应用于湖泊环境污染年代测定研究取得理想效果提供一定理论帮助。 相似文献
48.
The aim of the work described here was to investigate the existence of evaporable 137Cscontaining compound(s) in lichen and to suggest a possible way of dealing with a phenomenon during lichen exploitation. A sample of lichen, Cetraria islandica, was submitted to aqueous extraction and the extract was monitored to be 137Cs-radioactive. It was heated according to the experimental schedule and the resulting vapour passed over a layer of activated charcoal. By measuring the decrease in the radioactivity content of the lichen extract after heating and the radioactivity of the adsorbent it was found that a significant amount of the extracted 137Cs could be evaporated and bound to the charcoal adsorbent (40.6%). If not captured, this radiocaesium may lead to air pollution, especially of immediate breathing space. 相似文献
49.
Godoy JM Carvalho ZL da Costa Fernandes F Danelon OM Ferreira AC Roldão LA 《Journal of environmental radioactivity》2003,70(3):193-198
The present work presents the results of 137Cs concentration in seawater, fish and sediments samples collect in 11 sampling points, crossing the Brazilian Southeastern coastal region, from Vitória (ES) to Santos (SP), on a routine basis from 1997 to 2002. This monitoring program was carried out by the Instituto de Radioproteção e Dosimetria (IRD/CNEN/MCT), in cooperation with the Instituto de Estudos do Mar Almirante Paulo Moreira (IEAPM/Brazilian Navy), aiming at determining artificial radionuclides in marine samples. Additionally to the 137Cs results, 90Sr concentrations in fish samples from 1998 to 2002 are also reported.The 137Cs in seawater follows a lognormal distribution, with a geometric mean of 1.8 Bq m-3 and a geometric standard deviation of 1.4 (n=54), decay corrected to June/2002. For 137Cs levels in fish samples a geometric mean of 0.19 Bq kg−1 and a geometric standard deviation of 2.9 (n=39), decay corrected to June/2002, with a range of 0.03 to 1.7 Bq kg−1, were obtained. Based on the 137Cs mean concentration in fish as well as in seawater, a transfer factor of 1 × 102 was calculated, which is quite in agreement with the recommended value found in the Safety Report Serie 19. 相似文献
50.
Thomas A. Fontaine Vanusa M. F. Jacomino 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1997,33(2):313-326
ABSTRACT: A simulation analysis of contaminated sediment transport involves model selection, data collection, model calibration and verification, and evaluation of uncertainty in the results. Sensitivity analyses provide information to address these issues at several stages of the investigation. A sensitivity analysis of simulated contaminated sediment transport is used to identify the most sensitive output variables and the parameters most responsible for the output variable sensitivity. The output variables included are streamflow and the flux of sediment and Cs137. The sensitivities of these variables are measured at the field and intermediate scales, for flood and normal flow conditions, using the HSPF computer model. A sensitivity index was used to summarize and compare the results of a large number of output variables and parameters. An extensive database was developed to calibrate the model and conduct the sensitivity analysis on a 6.2 mi2 catchment in eastern Tennessee. The fluxes of sediment and Cs137 were more sensitive than streamflow to changes in parameters for both flood and normal flow conditions. The relative significance of specific parameters on output variable sensitivity varied according to the type of flow condition and the location in the catchment. An implications section illustrates how sensitivity analysis results can help with model selection, planning data collection, calibration, and uncertainty analysis. 相似文献