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以氯化-1-烯丙基-3-乙烯基咪唑离子液体为反应单体,偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)为引发剂,通过自由基聚合先合成聚离子液体预聚物,并将其与聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)、聚乙二醇(PEG)进一步共混反应,以制备聚离子液体/PVDF共混铸膜液.然后将该铸膜液在聚丙烯(PP)微孔膜表面进行涂覆成膜,以制备具有互穿网络结构的聚离子液体/PVDF荷电复合膜.采用红外光谱、扫描电镜、Zeta电位计等对复合膜表面的化学结构、形貌及荷电性能等进行分析,并采用水通量测定仪对复合膜的纯水通量及蛋白质和染料的分离性能等进行了研究.结果表明,该复合膜表面具有较好的荷电性能,且随聚离子液体的加入可以有效提高膜的亲水性和抗污染性,复合膜M2的纯水通量可达到101.7 L·m-2·h-1,该膜对溶菌酶和染料罗丹明6G的截留率分别为88.0%和94.1%,该分离膜经清水反冲洗后通量恢复率分别达到72.5%和91.8%. 相似文献
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Mechanical Property and Biodegradability of Cast Films Prepared from Blends of Oppositely Charged Biopolymers 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
M.?O.?Rutiaga L.?J.?Galan L.?H.?Morales S.?H.?Gordon S.?H.?ImamEmail author W.?J.?Orts G.?M.?Glenn K.?A.?Ni?o 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2005,13(2):185-191
Biodegradable cast films of about 50 m thickness were fabricated by blending oppositely charged biopolymers such as anionic starch–chitosan, and cationic starch–pectin. The tensile strength and elongation at break (%) of films were evaluated as well as their capacity to degrade in compost. Films recovered from soil every 48 h showed consistent degradation (weight loss), diminution of the polymers characteristic peak absorbance in the carbohydrate fingerprint region of the FTIR, and changes in the surface morphology via scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Anionic starch–chitosan films had much superior tensile strength and elongation compared to cationic starch–pectin, suggesting that the ionic bonds formed between anionic-starch and positively charged groups in chitosan polymer were much more stable and stronger. Initially, both films lost about 36% weight within 96 h, which also correlated well with the loss in the characteristic absorption peaks in the region of the infrared spectrum typical of biopolymers. The total mineralization of films by microorganisms in compost soil was also measured using respirometric techniques. Though the rate of mineralization differed for two formulations, total mineralization (extent) for both films were achieved within 45 days. 相似文献
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可吸入性粉尘对环境、人体具有较大的危害,但由于粒径小而难以被除尘器直接捕集。电凝并是通过电场的作用使粉尘粒子荷电而发生凝并,使之有效直径增大从而便于捕集的简单、易行方法。研发采用偶极荷电凝并器并利用重力沉降作用测试可吸入性粉尘电凝并效应的实验装置,在测试段设置沉降板放置若干载玻片作为取样点。采用粉煤灰为实验样品,分别在未荷电、电压18 k V,20 k V 3种状态下进行对比实验研究。实验结果表明,研发的实验装置可以有效测试粉尘在测试段的沉降效果,显微镜直接观察和图像粒度分析处理以及中位径分析表明,荷电凝并后的粉尘粒径明显增大,大粒径粉尘百分比明显提高,平均粒径亦有所增大,且电压越高,效果越明显。 相似文献
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镁铝双氢氧化物用于染料废水脱色的研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
以氯化铝、氯化镁、氨水等为原料,合成了镁铝双氢氧化物正电溶胶(MADH).以水溶性染料模拟废水为研究对象,检验了MADH对染料废水的脱色效果,并对其脱色机理进行了探讨. 结果表明,MADH对活性染料、酸性染料和直接染料等阴离子型染料具有明显的脱色效果.在足量MADH存在的条件下,废水脱色率可达99%以上,最佳pH为6~9,最佳反应时间为10 min.温度升高不利于吸附过程的进行,其饱和吸附容量为327~2 113 mg/g.MADH用于实际印染工业废水处理,脱色率和CODCr去除率同样较高.脱色机理为MADH对染料的化学吸附作用.MADH对阳离子型染料的去除效果较差. 相似文献
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Na-rich birnessite (NRB) was synthesized by a simple synthesis method and used as a high-efficiency adsorbent for the removal of ammonium ion (NH4+) from aqueous solution. In order to demonstrate the adsorption performance of the synthesized material, the effects of contact time, pH, initial ammonium ion concentration, and temperature were investigated. Adsorption kinetics showed that the adsorption behavior followed the pseudo second-order kinetic model. The equilibrium adsorption data were fitted to Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption models and the model parameters were evaluated. The monolayer adsorption capacity of the adsorbent, as obtained from the Langmuir isotherm, was 22.61 mg NH4+-N/g at 283 K. Thermodynamic analyses showed that the adsorption was spontaneous and that it was also a physisorption process. Our data revealed that the higher NH4+ adsorption capacity could be primarily attributed to the water absorption process and electrostatic interaction. Particularly, the high surface hydroxyl-content of NRB enables strong interactions with ammonium ion. The results obtained in this study illustrate that the NRB is expected to be an effective and economically viable adsorbent for ammonium ion removal from aqueous system. 相似文献