一起氯碱厂化学品泄漏事故原因浅析

通过对一起储罐破裂导致的化学品泄漏事故原因分析,说明了次氯酸钠与盐酸是禁忌物质,建议设计、评价人员应全面深刻理解国家有关安全标准和设计规范,正确设计;生产使用单位接受事故教训,防止同类事故重演。     

废弃钻井液固化处理pH值控制措施

提出了在原有固化处理技术的基础上,根据钻井泥浆原样pH值的高低,在固化材中适量加入酸性盐类混凝剂有效控制pH值的方法。采用此方法后,废弃钻井液的固化处理效果好,能够满足环保标准要求。     

GIS技术在化学事故应急指挥系统中的应用研究

以地理信息系统（简称GIS）的技术特点为基础,结合应急指挥系统中的功能需求,探讨化学事故应急指挥系统GIS平台能够实现的功能,以及为实现这些功能而构建的数据库的建设。将GIS技术应用在化学事故应急指挥系统中,能够迅速、直观地了解事故装置和设备情况,获得有关信息,进行事故模拟。对提高事故处理速度,缩短反应时间,减少事故损失具有重要意义。     

原油外输泵房噪声分析与防治

介绍了采油厂原油外输泵房的噪声现状及噪声对职工造成的危害,分析了噪声的主要来源为电磁噪声、机械噪声、空气动力l陛噪声以及阀门噪声、摩擦噪声和管路噪声等,其声压级在90～104dB之间,频率主要集中在200～3000Hz范围,并制定了噪声治理方案。     

基于系统动力学的食品企业安全生产监管博弈研究

为了研究食品安全生产及监管的内在机理、影响因素及监管模式,采用演化博弈论方法建立了政府监管部门与食品企业之间的博弈模型,运用复制动态方程和系统动力学方法深入分析了食品安全生产中相关主体的决策选择。结果表明:食品企业在追求利益最大化的前提下须主动重视食品安全问题,食品企业的策略选择受安全生产投入成本、处罚成本和声誉收益的影响;政府监管部门的监管行为受监管成本、外部负效益及社会成本等多方因素的影响。因此,增大监管部门惩处力度、降低监管成本、完善社会公众监督机制、强化声誉效应是食品安全问题得以解决的有力保障。     

Advancing voluntary chemical governance? The case of the Swedish textile industry dialogue

Voluntary environmental governance is a widely used policy approach that has been criticized for its lack of effectiveness. This raises fundamental questions about how to design processes that can advance voluntary programmes in a way that makes them more successful. In this paper, we analyse a government-initiated dialogue process to phase out hazardous chemicals through voluntary action by the Swedish textile industry. The analysis shows that information transfer primarily motivated business participation, while consumer pressure, regulatory threats and traditions of government–business cooperation played minor roles. The institutional design of the dialogue ensured close interaction within a homogeneous group, but collective actions were limited by disagreement about the problems to be addressed, prior unilateral environmental commitments by leading companies, and ambivalent engagement. This case provides valuable insights into the effect of institutional design on the actual interplay between business and government and its effects on voluntary governance.     

Significance of iron compounds in chemical and electro‐oxidation treatment of sugar industry wastewater: Batch reaction

Industrialization plays a major role in a nation's growth. However, with an increase in industrial activities, pollution levels are also increasing. Among all industries, the sugar‐processing industry is one that requires large amounts of water to process the sugar, and, consequently, it discharges large amounts of water as effluent. Highly polluted wastewater brings changes to the physicochemical characteristics of the surrounding environment. Iron compounds have had a significant impact when they are used in wastewater treatment in various applications, including when they are used to minimize the pollution levels in sugar industry wastewater (SIWW). To minimize the pollutant levels from SIWW, iron compounds have been key for uses in treatments involving chemical and electro‐oxidation. Two different methodologies of electrocoagulation and chemical coagulation have been used to treat SIWW. In electrocoagulation, an iron plate is used as an electrode material under specific operating conditions. Ferrous sulfate and ferric chloride have been used as chemical coagulants at various pH and mass loading levels. The use of iron metals shows an 82% reduction in chemical oxygen demand (COD) and an 84% reduction in color at the optimum condition of pH 6, an electrode distance of 20 millimeters, and a current density of 156 square centimeters. As a chemical coagulant, iron salt (ferrous sulfate) provides a reduction of 77% COD and a 91% reduction of color at pH 6 and a 40‐millimole mass loading. Electrochemical treatment using iron was found to be suitable to treat SIWW. The sludge generated after treatment can be burned or composted with the possible recovery of some of the treatment costs.     

新中国70年生态环境建设发展的艰难历程与辉煌成就

中国的生态环境建设,经历了新中国建立之初生产力低下的农耕文明、改革开放后的工业文明、迈向生态文明的三大阶段,每个阶段都有自身的特质、挑战、应对和成效。从1949年到改革开放前,中国整体上表现为农耕文明特征,自然灾害频发、粮食生产短缺、城市化水平低下。为了跳出"马尔萨斯陷阱",新中国的缔造者带领人民治理水患,兴修水利,拓荒垦殖,问题得到缓解但没有得到解决,贫困落后依然,没能彻底摆脱"马尔萨斯魔咒"。改革开放后,工业化快速推进,城市化加速发展,使农民得以从土地中解放出来,极大地提升了劳动生产力;同时也使土地得以从农民手中部分释放出来,不仅大幅提升了土地资源价值,也使土地得以休养生息自我生态修复。虽然快速的工业化、城市化进程大幅提升了生产力、积累了巨量的物质财富,但是进入21世纪以来,中国的发展逼近工业文明的生态红线、环境底线和资源上线,可持续发展挑战不断凸显。2010年后,中国全面启动生态保护、污染控制和资源节约的转型发展进程,高质量、大力度建设生态文明,推进人与自然的和谐 发展。     

基于OPMSE与BAT的啤酒行业排放限值仿真

以OPMSE仿真计算啤酒行业排放污水中COD,BOD,NH3-N质量浓度为研究对象,查询及调研清河流域典型啤酒行业产生污水中COD,BOD,NH3-N质量浓度范围,经BAT处理后通过OPMSE的仿真计算,得出排放污水中污染物质量浓度正态分布置信区间、最佳出水及最差出水质量浓度。结果表明:置信水平为99%时,COD,BOD,NH3-N的置信区间分别为(75.83,95.95),(19.30,25.88),(5.68,6.85);最佳出水质量浓度分别为4.14 mg/L,5.36 mg/L,2.71 mg/L;最差出水质量浓度分别为20.64 mg/L,20.70 mg/L,10.86mg/L。将仿真结果与现有排放标准对比,拟定啤酒行业的污染物直接排放限值为COD=100 mg/L,BOD=30mg/L,NH3-N=8 mg/L;间接排放限值为COD=400 mg/L,BOD=80 mg/L,NH3-N=25 mg/L。     

基于灰色综合评价的通航安全角度下吴淞口建闸方案优选

将层次分析法与灰色关联分析法相结合,评价吴淞口挡潮闸3个备选方案对通航安全的影响。首先通过专家调查法,并对相关资料进行综合分析,确定吴淞口水闸建设工程方案通航安全影响评价指标,然后运用层次分析法计算各指标权重,最后利用灰色关联分析建立灰色评价模型,得到关联序,定量分析各方案在通航安全影响方面的优劣,得出最优方案,为吴淞口建闸方案的确定提供依据。