大力发展循环经济积极探索科学发展的新路子

循环经济是中国实现可持续发展战略的一种新的经济形态。发展循环经济是落实科学发展观、构建和谐社会的重要内容之一,具有缓解资源约束矛盾的作用,能从根本上减轻环境污染。因此,要从企业、产业、区域层面积极推进循环经济的发展,确保循环经济发展取得实效。     

造纸黑液循环流化床锅炉技术分析

文章分析了利用循环流化床锅炉燃烧技术处理制浆所产生的黑液污染问题的可行性及其应用情况，对国内造纸行业的治污技术具有一定的推广应用价值。     

厌氧水解-高负荷生物滤池处理城镇污水的试验研究

厌氧水解－高负荷生物滤池是一种利用附着在塑料模块填料上的微生物系统对城镇污水中的污染物质进行降解处理的绿色环保技术。厌氧水解池和高负荷生物滤池采用的塑料模块填料具有高空隙率、高附着面积、高布水性能和抗堵塞的优异性能,并无须回流。当厌氧水解池水力停留时间为4小时,生物滤池水力负荷为30米^3/米^2。日,该系统处理城镇污水的CODCr去除率达80－86％,BOD5去除率达85％－95％。SS去除率达85－95％,处理后出水上述各项指标均可满足国家二级生物处理排放标准的要求。与广泛运用的活性法处理系统相比,该技术可节约基建投资20％以上,节约能耗50％以上,同时还具有流程简单、管理方便、耐冲击负荷、剩余污泥少等特点。     

IC反应器厌氧处理MTO废水

以初步驯化后的絮状污泥作为内循环(IC)反应器的接种污泥,厌氧处理甲醇制烯烃(MTO)废水(COD大于50 000 mg/L、TOC大于10 000 mg/L),以高负荷、高进水浓度方式培养颗粒污泥,考察了反应器运行过程中废水处理效果及污泥性状的变化情况。实验结果表明:IC反应器的进水COD容积负荷可达29.0 kg/(m~3·d),COD和TOC去除率可稳定在96%以上;在污泥培养阶段,废水升流速率宜采用0.4~0.6 m/h;在颗粒污泥未成熟时废水升流速率不宜提高过快,而在颗粒污泥成熟后,废水升流速率可在一定范围内快速提高。     

The Influence of Synoptic-scale Air Flow and Local Circulation on the Dust Layer Height in the North of the Taklimakan Desert

The present study investigates the influences of synoptic-scale air flows and local wind circulations on the dust layer height (DLH) in the Taklimakan Desert, based on lidar observations performed in the north of the desert in March 2003. The DLH fluctuates approximately every three days between 2500 m (above sea level) and 5000 m, including diurnal variations. Meteorological analyses and numerical simulations show that the three-day fluctuation of DLH corresponds with variations in synoptic-scale air flows over the Taklimakan Desert, and the diurnal variations are linked to downdrafts and updrafts that are formed over the north of the desert as part of local circulations. When strong northerly winds prevail in the upper troposphere and a developed valley wind blows toward the Tienshan Mountains in the lower troposphere, the downdrafts strengthen in the middle troposphere over the north of the desert, lowering the DLH to about 2500 m. In contrast, the DLH rises to about 5000 m when the updrafts develop between strong southerly winds in the upper troposphere and a developed mountain wind blowing from the Tienshan Mountains. Simulations for the local circulation behavior without the presence of the Tienshan Mountains demonstrate that the valley and mountain winds on the southern slope of the Tienshan Mountains control the intensity of the downdrafts and updrafts, thereby influencing the DLH over the north of the Taklimakan Desert.     

黄淮海地区土壤水分动态模拟模型

本文根据黄淮海地区１９９３～１９９５年麦季实测土壤水分、农业气象资料和卫星监测资料,试验了区域性土壤水分模型,以便模拟区内土壤水分及其相关要素的动态变化过程,解决以往土壤水分遥感模型只确定土壤水分含量不能确定水量结构的缺点。试验取得比较满意的效果,成功地利用遥感数据作为模型的输入,达到土壤墒情监测、水文水利分析和农作物遥感估产的目的。模型在输出水量结构的同时还提供了人类活动对水环境影响的信息。     

Emissions corridors for reducing the risk of a collapse of the Atlantic thermohaline circulation

In this paper, we present the integrated assessment model dimrise (dynamic integrated model of regular climate change impacts and singular events). This model is designed to investigate the stability of the Atlantic thermohaline circulation (THC) and to derive related climate policy recommendations. It is written in GAMS and comprises a dynamic model of the THC coupled to a climate model and a global economy model for assessing the monetary cost of climate protection. The THC model is a dynamic four-box interhemispheric extension of the classic Stommel model calibrated against results obtained using the CLIMBER-2 climate model. The reduced-form climate model used to drive the THC model is the ICLIPS multi-gas climate model, which is a computationally efficient, globally aggregated model able to mimic the response of more sophisticated carbon cycle and atmosphere-ocean general circulation models. The THC and climate modules are coupled to a globally aggregated Ramsey-type optimal growth model of the world economy derived from the Nordhaus DICE model. Together, these components create a novel dynamic fully coupled computationally efficient integrated assessment model. Illustrative applications demonstrate that dimrise is able to derive (constrained) economically optimal emissions paths that comply with prescribed bounds on admissible THC weakening imposed in order to avoid an irrevocable breakdown. In addition, emissions corridors are presented which contain all possible emissions paths that do not endanger the stability of the THC and that simultaneously obey restrictions on welfare loss arising from mitigation efforts. The presented results show that, under worst-case conditions, the stability of the THC may be threatened within two decades if global emissions would not deviate from the business-as-usual trajectory.

基于可持续发展的物流运输绿色化的途径与方法分析——以SHARP公司的绿色运输实践为例

由于物流运输绿色化的目的主要在于通过有效的物流系统的规划与控制,在保证物流服务目标的前提下,尽量地去降低运输中的能量消耗和各种废弃物的排放以及运输工具对道路的占用;因此实践中不仅要贯彻和坚持安全性、及时与准确性、经济效益与环境效益相统一以及人与车辆管理的一体化等四方面的原则,而且还在通过技术进步以切实降低各种运输方式对环境的影响、建立起对汽车驾驶员的培训及绩效管理体系、在城市物流系统的合理规划等几个方面进行努力.     

小麦燃料乙醇循环产业生态足迹分析

为提高循环产业研究结果的可比性,以小麦燃料乙醇生产为例,采用生态足迹方法对各子系统的生态占用、资源循环利用和污染排放等进行分析.小麦燃料乙醇循环产业包括农业生产、乙醇生产、循环生产和废物处理4个子系统.结果表明:小麦燃料乙醇循环产业链的延长将增加生态足迹,其中农业生产子系统生态足迹占系统生态足迹的比例最大,主要是因为该子系统中耕地占用较大;生态足迹的经济效益随产业链的延长而增加,说明延长产业链可以提高资源利用效率;循环生产和废物处理子系统解决了乙醇生产过程中环境污染问题;系统的能源足迹和水足迹占用比例较大,应考虑降低能耗和水耗.结果也表明,生态足迹评价方法能够全面反映循环产业各子系统资源利用和环境污染状况,是评价循环产业系统的有效手段.