陕西神木大柳塔洗煤厂煤泥水快速沉降剂试验研究

为了解决陕西神木大柳塔洗煤厂煤泥水的快速沉降和洗水循环再利用 ,在深入研究原煤泥水处理工艺技术效能的基础上 ,研究和发展了一种新型高效、经济的煤泥水处理工艺技术 ,合成了一种快速沉降剂。经过反复试验研究 ,使得原煤泥水系统有了极大改善 ,实现了洗水闭路循环和煤泥厂内回收 ,降低了药耗 ,缩短了反应时间 ,达到了快速沉降的目的。     

循环经济理念下畜禽废弃物的资源化

运用循环经济理论,针对畜禽排泄物治理和科学利用,提出了畜禽粪便减量化、资源化措施。畜禽粪便作为新的资源在降低自然资源消耗的同时,给农业经济增长提供了有力的支撑。在循环经济模式下,人、畜禽养殖与生态环境之间互动影响已不再是破坏生态环境、限制经济发展的障碍,而是表现为一种社会、经济和环境"共赢"的有利局面。     

CLIMATE CHHANGE SENSITIVITY ASSESSMENT ON UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN STREAMFLOWS USING SWAT1

ABSTRACT: The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model was used to assess the effects of potential future climate change on the hydrology of the Upper Mississippi River Basin (UMRB). Calibration and validation of SWAT were performed using monthly stream flows for 1968–1987 and 1988–1997, respectively. The R² and Nash‐Sutcliffe simulation efficiency values computed for the monthly comparisons were 0.74 and 0.69 for the calibration period and 0.82 and 0.81 for the validation period. The effects of nine 30‐year (1968 to 1997) sensitivity runs and six climate change scenarios were then analyzed, relative to a scenario baseline. A doubling of atmospheric CO₂ to 660 ppmv (while holding other climate variables constant) resulted in a 36 percent increase in average annual streamflow while average annual flow changes of ?49, ?26, 28, and 58 percent were predicted for precipitation change scenarios of ?20, ?10, 10, and 20 percent, respectively. Mean annual streamflow changes of 51,10, 2, ?6, 38, and 27 percent were predicted by SWAT in response to climate change projections generated from the CISRO‐RegCM2, CCC, CCSR, CISRO‐Mk2, GFDL, and HadCMS general circulation model scenarios. High seasonal variability was also predicted within individual climate change scenarios and large variability was indicated between scenarios within specific months. Overall, the climate change scenarios reveal a large degree of uncertainty in current climate change forecasts for the region. The results also indicate that the simulated UMRB hydrology is very sensitive to current forecasted future climate changes.     

Numerical study of the effects of local atmospheric circulations on a pollution event over Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, China

Currently, the Chinese central government is considering plans to build a trilateral economic sphere in the Bohai Bay area, including Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei(BTH), where haze pollution frequently occurs. To achieve sustainable development, it is necessary to understand the physical mechanism of the haze pollution there. Therefore, the pollutant transport mechanisms of a haze event over the BTH region from 23 to 24 September 2011 were studied using the Weather Research and Forecasting model and the FLEXible-PARTicle dispersion model to understand the effects of the local atmospheric circulations and atmospheric boundary layer structure. Results suggested that the penetration by sea-breeze could strengthen the vertical dispersion by lifting up the planetary boundary layer height(PBLH) and carry the local pollutants to the downstream areas; in the early night, two elevated pollution layers(EPLs) may be generated over the mountain areas: the pollutants in the upper EPL at the altitude of 2–2.5 km were favored to disperse by long-range transport, while the lower EPL at the altitude of 1 km may serve as a reservoir, and the pollutants there could be transported downward and contribute to the surface air pollution.The intensity of the sea–land and mountain–valley breeze circulations played an important role in the vertical transport and distribution of pollutants. It was also found that the diurnal evolution of the PBLH is important for the vertical dispersion of the pollutants,which is strongly affected by the local atmospheric circulations and the distribution of urban areas.     

Climate change induced eutrophication of cold-water lake in an ecologically fragile nature reserve

Aquatic ecosystem sustainability around the globe is facing crucial challenges because of increasing anthropogenic and natural disturbances. In this study, the Tianchi Lake, a typical cold-water lake and a UNESCO/MAB(Man and Biosphere) nature reserve located in high latitude and elevation with the relatively low intensity of human activity was chosen as a system to examine the linkages between climate change and eutrophication. As a part of the UNESCO Bogda Man and Biosphere Reserve, Tianchi Lake has been well preserved for prevention from human intervention, but why has it been infected with eutrophication recent years? Our results show that climate change played a significant role in the eutrophication in the Tianchi Lake. Increased temperature, changed precipitation pattern and wind-induced hydrodynamic fluctuations in the summer season were suggested to make a major contribution to the accelerated eutrophication. The results also showed that the local temperature and precipitation changes were closely linked to the large-scale atmospheric circulation, which opens the door for the method to be applied in other regions without local climatic information. This study suggests that there is an urgent need to take into consideration of climate change adaptation into the conservation and management of cold-water lakes globally.     

阴离子交换树脂工艺过程的闭路系统处理废水

采用生产工艺过程的“闭路系统”使阴离子交换树脂生产废水排放量大、浓度高、毒性强的氯化母液全部回收利用，使处理后出水达废水排放标准。     

International aspects of recycling of electrical and electronic equipment: material circulation in the East Asian region

This article examines the present circumstances of recycling of end-of-life electrical and electronic equipment discarded in Japan from the domestic and international viewpoints of material circulation. It is pointed out that some of the discarded items are absorbed into an invisible flow by informal economic activities, being exported in the form of secondhand equipment and secondary materials. Since the equipment has a pollution potential as well as a resource potential, it is anticipated that the pollution potential may possibly be realized if the equipment is mishandled at recycling plants in developing countries. To reduce the invisible flow as much as possible and to reduce the pollution potential from diffusion in developing countries, a policy tool such as extended producer responsibility should be applied to retailers of the equipment, as well as to producers.     

多因素综合海洋气候环境模拟加速试验箱研制

目的 研制一种多因素综合海洋气候环境模拟加速试验箱,主要用于沿海、海岛和舰面大气使用的工艺、材料和零部件的快速筛选和环境适应性评价。方法 通过需求、现状和海洋气候特征分析,提出气候类型模拟的新思路。通过总体和模块设计、集成制造,研制多因素综合海洋气候环境模拟加速试验箱,设计试验谱,开展试验验证,考核技术指标的符合性,并评价相关性和加速性。结果 解决了盐雾对光照条件的干扰、盐晶积聚等难题,研制了同时施加光照、盐雾、温度、湿度和风速5因素的多因素综合海洋气候环境模拟加速试验箱,编制了5因素综合海洋气候模拟加速试验谱。结论 与万宁站户外暴露试验结果相比,多因素综合海洋气候环境模拟加速试验技术评价金属腐蚀质量损失、工程塑料拉伸强度、有机涂层光泽色差等关键性能指标变化具有良好的相关性和高的加速性。     

成品油库污水处理装置提标改造

针对成品油库污水排放量不规律,水中难降解有机物和石油类含量高的问题,采用"预处理+生化处理+深度处理"三级处理工艺对油库原污水处理装置进行改造。改造后,预处理单元包括调节池、四级隔油池和溶气气浮机,将原一级隔油池改造为调节池,有效解决了油库短时间大量排水对隔油池的冲击;生化处理单元包括水解酸化池和内循环三相生物塔,在提高污水可生化性的基础上利用新型高效好氧污水处理装置对水中有机污染物进行有效去除;深度处理单元利用臭氧催化氧化塔和内循环曝气生物滤池对生化处理单元难以去除的有机污染物进行处理。经该组合工艺处理后,水中COD和石油类去除率分别达到97.5%和96.0%,处理出水各项指标均满足《污水综合排放标准》(GB8978—1996)一级排放标准。