环境监测实验室质量监督之管见

阐述了环境监测实验室质量监督的重要性及加强质量监督的组织保证、制度建设、工作程序和如何发挥监督作用的思考,以期改善忽视质量监督的局面,进一步提高监测工作质量.     

北京市危险化学品安全生产监管监控现状与技术选择

分析了北京市危险化学品的安全生产现状以及监管监控现状,预测了北京市危险化学品的监管监控趋势,为了提高危险化学品监管监控的能力,给出了监管监控危险化学品的优化技术。     

重大事故移动监测和指挥平台AKY-MCP的设计与实现

介绍了重大事故移动监测和指挥平台AKY-MCP的设计与实现。该平台能够快速、及时、准确地被部署,并收集应急指挥需要的各种现场信息,满足应急指挥人员进行沟通、指挥、调度对现场数据采集、处理和传输的需要,为应急指挥提供现场信息检测和辅助决策平台。该系统已经得到成功的应用,并取得了良好的效果。重大事故移动监测和指挥平台AKY-MCP,能更有效的监测事故现场情况,快速进行处置,降低生命财产的损失。重大事故移动监测和指挥平台AKY-MCP,能够在事故现场进行快速部署,对应急指挥进行辅助决策,并把现场视频图像信息、有毒有害气体浓度信息、GPS信息、现场地形位置信息和现场风速风向等信息实时发送到远端的指挥中心,为领导和专家提供现场资料,有利于及时决策、控制事故后果蔓延,维护社会稳定和人民财产安全。     

煤矿应急资源优化管理与调度监控研究

为了提高煤矿应急资源在日常的分类分级管理和在突发事故救援过程中的统一调度,把煤矿应急资源划分为人员流、物资流和信息流,并且通过构建煤矿应急资源救援调度模型和建立煤矿应急资源实时监控机制,提高应急资源在突发事故或预案演练中的应急保障能力,最终实现应急资源的日常分类管理、灾时统一调度的应急联动体系。     

Spatial distribution of aerosol pollution based on MODIS data over Beijing, China

With the help of regression analysis,the relationships were detected between aerosol's contribution to apparent reflectance(ACR) derived from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS)on board Terra and hourly PM_(10)mass concentration measured at 30 ground-based locations in Beijing for the August of 2003 and 2004.It was shown that there was a good correlation between the ACR and PM_(10)(linear correlation coefficient,R=0.56).On the basis of this relationship,spatial distribution and possible sources of PM_(10)derived from MODIS were analyzed and two frequently heavily-polluted regions were found,namely downtown of the city and the district near Xishan Mountain.These two regions coincidently are also urban heat island centers.The foundings of this paper will be greatly useful for environmental monitoring and urban planning for Beijing,especially for the 2008 Olympic game to be held in Beijing.     

基于遥感的海域环境变化监测分析

以杭州湾海域和连云港周边海域为研究对象,基于Landsat-5、Landsat-9的多光谱和热红外数据,对研究区的海域岸线和温度场信息进行提取,分析海域岸线变迁和温度分布变化特征。结果显示,研究区的海域岸线变化均较显著;海域温度在核电站运行前较为均匀,无明显温度分异,核电站运行后,因温排水排放,核电站周边海域温度出现明显分异;Landsat-9热红外数据温度反演结果可靠,可用于监测温排水对海域环境的影响。     

Vermicomposting as an advanced biological treatment for industrial waste from the leather industry

The leather industry (tanneries) generates high amounts of toxic wastes, including solid and liquid effluents that are rich in organic matter and mineral content. Vermicomposting was studied as an alternative method of treating the wastes from tanneries. Vermicompost was produced from the following tannery residues: tanned chips of wet-blue leather, sludge from a liquid residue treatment station, and a mixture of both. Five hundred earthworms (Eisenia fetida) were added to each barrel. During the following 135 days the following parameters were evaluated: pH, total organic carbon (TOC), organic matter (OM), cation exchange capacity (CEC), C:N ratio, and chromium content as Cr (III) and Cr (VI). The results for pH, TOC and OM contents showed decreases in their values during the composting process, whereas values for CEC and total nitrogen rose, indicating that the vermicompost reached maturity. For chromium, at 135 days, all values of Cr (VI) were below the detectable level. Therefore, the Cr (VI) content had probably been biologically transformed into Cr (III), confirming the use of this technique as an advanced biological treatment. The study reinforces the idea that vermicomposting could be introduced as an effective technology for the treatment of industrial tannery waste and the production of agricultural inputs.     

基于地面监测数据的2013~2015年长三角地区PM2.5时空特征

近年来,长三角地区灰霾天气持续增多,空气细颗粒物污染问题日益突出。基于2013年1月至2015年5月长三角地区及周边缓冲区内共214个空气质量监测站点PM_2.5逐时监测数据,运用普通克里金插值方法,从年、季、月尺度上分析了PM_2.5的空间分布格局和时间动态变化。结果表明:(1)2 a来,长三角地区PM_2.5浓度空间分布明显呈现整体北部高南部低,局部地区略有突出的分布特征;长三角地区PM_2.5浓度年均值为57.08μg/m³;其中,江苏省PM_2.5的年均值为三省市最高,为65.84μg/m³;其次为上海市,年均值为53.87μg/m³;浙江省PM_2.5的年均值较小,为51.53μg/m³。(2)从季节尺度分析,长三角地区PM_2.5浓度变化表现出冬春季高,夏秋季低的变化趋势;这与区域内冬季风向来源、降水稀少、气象扩散条件差有着密切的关系; (3)长三角地区月浓度变化大致呈U形分布; 12月份PM_2.5浓度最高; 3月份以后, PM_2.5浓度开始呈逐步下降趋势;在5~9月份,区域PM_2.5处于"U"字的谷底,其中6月份夏收时期秸秆焚烧、气象等因素导致PM_2.5浓度有略微升高;进入10月份后迅速攀升,且11、12月份呈现持续升高态势。     

区域大气环境中PM2．5／PM10空间分布研究

提出了一种利用移动监测技术研究区域大气环境中PM2.5／PM10空间分布的方法,并在2004年12月进行了宁波市全市域PM2.5／PM10空间分布的研究。数据显示：相同路径所代表的地区PM2.5和PM10具有很好的相关性,多数路径上PM2.5与PM10数据的相关系数平方在0．95以上,而不同路径上PM2.5与PM10的比值不同。文中给出了宁波市PM2.5／PM10污染的空间分布图,直观地显示出PM2.5／PM10污染的空间分布情况,突出了污染的重点点位和地区。     

The influence of use-related,environmental, and managerial factors on soil loss from recreational trails

Recreational uses of unsurfaced trails inevitably result in their degradation, with the type and extent of resource impact influenced by factors such as soil texture, topography, climate, trail design and maintenance, and type and amount of use. Of particular concern, the loss of soil through erosion is generally considered a significant and irreversible form of trail impact. This research investigated the influence of several use-related, environmental, and managerial factors on soil loss on recreational trails and roads at Big South Fork National River and Recreation Area, a unit of the U.S. National Park Service. Regression modeling revealed that trail position, trail slope alignment angle, grade, water drainage, and type of use are significant determinants of soil loss. The introduction of individual and groups of variables into a series of regression models provides improved understanding and insights regarding the relative influence of these variables, informing the selection of more effective trail management actions. Study results suggest that trail erosion can be minimized by avoiding “fall-line” alignments, steep grades, and valley-bottom alignments near streams, installing and maintaining adequate densities of tread drainage features, applying gravel to harden treads, and reducing horse and all-terrain vehicle use or restricting them to more resistant routes.