剥壳机系统噪声控制技术

剥壳机生产系统将胡豆打碎和去壳时发出严重的扰民噪声,对产生噪声的设备和管道采用隔声和吸声控制措施。结果表明,效果十分明显,达到了国家环境噪声排放标准。     

控制排气放空噪声的消声器之研究与应用

排气放空噪声是工业上常遇到的噪声源。本文介绍了根据喷注噪声发射理论研制成的小孔喷注与节流降压相复合的新型消声器，适用于高压气源排放，取得了较好的消声效果。鉴于喷注发射噪声的强度取决于喷注的驻压与喷口直径等参量，对节流降压层的设计与控制小孔喷注层的驻压大小，提出了新的见解，可供设计研究喷注消声器参考使用。     

Initial decision analysis (IDA): a participatory approach for developing resource policies

Initial decision analysis (IDA) is a microcomputer based decision-making technique that is organized so that a rational, step-by-step, procedure can be followed to use existing knowledge to develop resource policies. The IDA process provides a systematic way for participants to define their own problem and to explore jointly alternative solutions. IDA is particularly suited to resolving complex problems involving many groups with conflicting interests. IDA is illustrated with data from the US Forest Service's Draft Environmental Impact Statement for the 1985 to 2030 Resource Planning Act Program for the United States. Four policy options are evaluated: maximization of timber production, of grazing, and of wilderness, and a dominant use policy that concentrates timber management on productive sites. Policies were evaluated using a new mathematical satisficing procedure. Mathematical satisficing of simulated policy consequences showed that, for selected performance standards, current RPA policies are superior to the four alternative policies examined.     

Environmental considerations for levees and floodwalls

Levees and floodwalls are used extensively throughout the United States for flood control. Levee projects often lack ecological, recreational, and aesthetic values, except for incidental fish and wildlife benefits derived from borrow pits and recreational facilities found in some urban settings. In recent years increased environmental concern within construction agencies and greater responsiveness to public opinion have resulted in increasing numbers of levee projects designed, built, and maintained with environmental objectives in mind. This paper reviews environmental concepts successfully employed on levee projects constructed in recent years by the US Army Corps of Engineers. Some of the most innovative concepts are described and illustrated and design considerations are discussed.     

Hypsographs: Basic tools for lake management and monitoring

Hypsographs are graphic depictions of the vertical distributions of volumes or masses of water in lakes, ponds, or reservoirs. Quantitative limnological science or engineering must use a hypsograph, or a more complex equivalent system, to undertake calculations of water constituent concentration data by mathematical weighting. Construction of the graph is simple and described. Exemplary uses of the hypsograph are presented.     

粉尘爆炸反应工程学简要综述

１９９３年在波兰召开的第五届国际粉尘爆炸学术会议上，邓煦帆曾在论文中提议建立粉尘爆炸反应工程学，并提出学科的目的意义、性质、主要组成部分和研究方法。本文拟将国内外有关本学科范围内的贡献，加以简要综述，以期能逐渐形成本学科的自身体系和特点。     

Biotechnology is not compatible with sustainable agriculture

Biotechnology increases commercialization of food production, which competes with food for home use. Most people in the world grow their own food, and are more secure without the mediation of the market. To the extent that biotechnology enhances market competitiveness, world food security will decrease. This instability will result in a greater gap between rich and poor, increasing poverty of women and children, less ability and incentive to protect the environment, and greater need for militarization to maintain order. Therefore, biotechnology should be discouraged. An active program to protect and strengthen local food production and to decrease reliance on industrial agriculture should be promoted.     

国外减轻城市洪涝灾害新设施发展综述

近二十多年国外在减轻城市洪涝灾害设施方面发展很快,建造了各种新型的抑制暴雨径流的设施,可分为流域雨水贮留设施和流域雨水渗透设施两大类,本文主要介绍目前国外已经建成和计划兴建的这些设施的型式、规划设计步骤、引起的问题和管理维护方法,以及在我国发展这些设施的必要和可能。     

城市防洪工程风险决策方法

本文着重讨论了与城市防洪工程决策制定密切相关的几个问题：①城市防洪工程设计标准的确定；②现有防洪工程的性能评估，③最优防洪工程对策的确定等，并在风险分析的基础上，给出了解决上述问题的方法。所得结论可为城市防洪工程决策的制定提供较为科学的理论依据。