土木建筑施工班组安全生产管理模式创新

在分析我国安全生产监督管理机制和土木建筑施工项目安全生产管理模式基础上,结合土木建筑行业安全生产过程特点,指出土木建筑行业必须发挥班组的重要作用。借鉴煤炭、电力等行业平安班组建设经验,建议了以联保、互保制度为核心的土木建筑施工作业班组模式。实践表明,尽管土木建筑施工班组稳定性差,但平安班组建设促进了班组人员安全意识的提高,班组人员发现、排解安全风险能力增强,促进了工程建设安全生产。     

基于事故/事件的民机人因防错设计关键因素研究

针对民机人因防错设计对飞行安全的影响,从世界民航安全事故/事件数据库中筛选出92起典型的人为因素事故案例,采用基元事件分析法进行深度分析,提炼出民机人因防错设计需要考虑的重要设计因素,并建立重要设计因素集。基于系统工程学的“人机环”模型,结合国内外飞机设计相关标准,建立民机人因防错设计重要因素指标体系。运用模糊层次分析法对因素指标进行权重计算,确立影响飞行安全的14项人因防错设计关键因素,并针对这些关键因素提出民机人因防错设计通用要求,以期为民机人因防错设计满足初始适航要求提供参考。     

基于GIS的机场应急救援演练系统开发与应用研究

针对我国机场在应急救援演练工作中,缺乏演练过程和监控记录、演练成本高且效果差、评价环节不科学等问题,基于GIS技术建立机场应急救援演练系统,论述系统功能需求、总体框架、实现方法和技术路线。实例证明:系统以GIS技术为基础,能够实现机场应急救援演练全过程记录,基本达到民用运输机场应急救援演练及培训全过程的信息化、集成化要求,可为全国其他机场开展应急救援演练系统工程应用提供参考。     

中国老年人驾车安全问题及其对策

随着中国进入老龄化社会,老年驾驶员数量将持续增加,这给交通安全带来了新的问题。为保障老年驾驶员的交通安全,在分析老年人生理和心理特征以及老年驾驶员交通事故特点的基础上,提出了适合中国国情的老年驾驶员驾车安全对策。     

Guatemala: violence in peacetime--a critical analysis of the armed conflict and the peace process

The recent history of Guatemala is interpreted here using an interdisciplinary approach inspired by recent development and conflict studies. The author reflects on his experience in peace-building activities and uses a combination of primary and secondary sources to present the Guatemalan war as a complex political emergency. The first part (a methodological introduction) proposes an analytical framework, taking into account both the root causes and the different functions of violence, in order to achieve a better understanding of contemporary conflicts. In the second and central part of the article, the integrated framework is applied to Guatemala, trying to understand causes and functions of war and negotiation and underlining the existence of structural obstacles to a lasting peace. The conclusions are dedicated to policy implications: if the signing of peace accords represents only a step towards negative peace, the condition for a lasting peace is a strategy for reconciliation and development based on social participation and social justice.     

江苏震后救灾宣传中值得引以为鉴的几个问题——以常熟地震为例

震后救灾宣传尤其是有关震情的宣传报道与社会的稳定关系极大。本文以常熟地震为例，通过对该次地震救灾宣传中出现的一些问题的剖析，提出了今后江苏救灾宣传中应注意把握好宣传的政策性、快速性、组织性、协调性、真实性、针对性及二重性问题     

关于土木基础设施系统的基础研究

论述了土木基础设施系统对社会经济发展和人民生活质量提高所起的重要作用,总结了国内外土木基础设施系统的现状和研究趋势,指出了针对我国基础设施建设和更新改造中的重大科学问题开展多学科交叉研究的重要意义。同时建议重点开展以下几方面的研究：１．土木基础设施系统性能检测与寿命评估技术;２．土木基础设施系统的防灾减灾研究;３．材料性能研究;４．土木基础设施系统的维修和更新改造技术开发;５．土工技术基础问题研究     

学会工作改革创新的若干思考

学会的改革必须把握好方向;学术交流和科普宣传两大任务,是学会的生命线,而科技咨询,开办实体,则是学会的生存线,要想增强学会的影响力、凝集力、经济实力,就必须抓好这"二线".     

Facing the Problem of Uncertainty

In a certain sense, uncertainty andignorance have been recognized in science andphilosophy from the time of the Greeks.However, the mathematical sciences have beendominated by the pursuit of certainty.Therefore, experiments under simplified andidealized conditions have been regarded as themost reliable source of knowledge. Normally,uncertainty could be ignored or controlled byapplying probability theory and statistics.Today, however, the situation is different.Uncertainty and ignorance have moved intofocus. In particular, the global character ofsome environmental problems has shown that theproblems cannot be disregarded. Therefore,scientists and technologists have in many wayscome into a new situation. The Chernobylaccident is a dramatic example, however,problems such as a possible greenhouse effect,a possible reduction of the ozone layer, and soon are all of the same type. These encompasstotally different problems than scientists andtechnologists are traditionally trained to dealwith. In these cases, the standard use ofstatistics has to change, the burden of proofshould be reversed, one should draw ondifferent kinds of expertise, and, in general,science should be ``democratized.'     

监测技术在深基坑地下连续墙工程中的应用

随着城市建设的发展，采用地下连续墙作为深基坑围护结构的深基础工程越来越多，它以其墙体刚度大，阻水性能好，一墙多用，并能适应多种地层条件而广泛应用于高层建筑的地下室等基础结构物的建造，本结合广州市粤财大厦地下连续墙工程，就其监测内容及监测结果进行了详细分析，结果表明，本基坑围护结构体系是安全的，达到了基坑开挖与围护工程安全与稳定的要求，对类似工程具有指导和借鉴意义。