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21.
文章围绕环境友好型社会建设这一核心问题,从建设环境友好型社会是历史的必然切入。分析了建设环境友好型社会应突出解决的关键问题,阐明了建设环境友好型社会需要法律作保障这一基本观点。 相似文献
22.
We need to ensure the sustainable management of advanced materials, such as purified silicon, that contribute to a low-carbon
society. Because a drastic increase in the demand for photovoltaic (PV) systems is tightening the supply of silicon for PV
cells, the sustainability of silicon feedstock needs to be explored. For this purpose, a material flow analysis of silicon
in Japan from 1996 to 2006 is presented in this paper. Our analysis finds that rapid growth in demand for polycrystalline
silicon (pc-silicon) and single crystalline silicon (sc-silicon) has changed the structure of the purified silicon supply.
The strong demand for purified silicon for solar cells is responsible for this change. While off-grade silicon obtained as
a by-product of electronic-grade silicon (EG-Si) covered the demand for solar sells before 2000, pc-silicon is currently produced
independently for solar cells via an energy-intensive process. Analysis of the resource effective-use index (REI), which indicates
how effectively purified silicon is used, shows progress in the effective use of pc- and sc-silicon. REI analysis indicates
that the effective use of pc-silicon is reaching a maximum, while the effective use of sc-silicon is advancing, with a corresponding
increase in price. To ensure a sustainable supply of silicon feedstock, this paper proposes four solutions: (1) production
of solar-grade pc-silicon by a less costly and less energy-consuming method; (2) reduction in the amount of crystalline silicon
per watt in solar cells; (3) acceleration of the development and deployment of other solar cell types; and (4) reuse and recycling
of solar cells in the future. 相似文献
23.
《Journal of Environmental Policy & Planning》2012,14(3):231-245
Current debates about food-borne risks (GMOs and BSE) have not only deepened public concern about how food is produced on farms, processed in factories, and transported, stored and traded. More importantly, these debates have exposed a crisis related to central social issues, such as the role of science, politics and business corporations in the decision-making processes for determining which risks societies should, or are prepared to, assume. In this article, I discuss how cultural and social constructivist studies of environmental and health risks and Ulrich Beck's theory of world risk society can contribute to the analysis of how to deal with these conflicts. The criticism of quantitative methods of risk analysis has resulted in a certain idealization of the lay knowledge of risks as being intuitively more correct than the scientific one. One consequence of this polarization between expert and lay knowledge—idealizing the latter—is a disappointing vagueness when looking for alternatives on how to deal practically with risks that have important consequences. A key obstacle to the implementation of some of the suggestions presented by the critical risk analysis approach is that, for example, in the current global dynamics of food-borne risks we can find heterogeneous alliances for and against GMOs allying lay people and experts, as well as conventional and unconventional social actors, in a complicated manner, at the regional, national and international levels. Since a significant part of the analysis of manufactured risks focuses on the situation of highly industrialized countries, a more complex perspective of these lay and scientific alliances can be obtained from a more extensive study of the reactions surrounding GMOs and BSE in less-industrialized countries, such as Brazil. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
24.
围绕武汉城市圈“两型社会”建设综合配套改革试验区的现代社会组织体制建立过程中的热点问题,阐述了现代社会组织暨再生资源服务中心的基本特征;强调了以民主促民生的制度建设的必要性:分析了现代社会组织助力“两型社会”建设的可行性;概述了以华中资源循环利用服务中心为例的创新型现代社会组织市场化运作公共服务项目的工作思路。 相似文献
25.
基于三角模糊数的民航企业“管理”安全综合评价模型研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
在对我国民航企业安全管理的现状和常用的安全评价方法进行分析的基础上,提出并建立了民航企业"管理"安全模糊综合评价模型。首先,从组织管理、风险管理、安全保证、安全促进4个方面对民航企业安全管理的内容和特点进行分析,在此基础上建立民航企业"管理"安全评价指标体系;然后,根据三角模糊数理论和模糊综合评价理论建立民航企业"管理"安全模糊综合评价模型;通过上述指标体系和评价模型从而达到对民航企业"管理"安全进行评价的目的。最后,给出了一个应用实例,其评价结果表明:该模型具有很强的实用性和借鉴价值。 相似文献
26.
Claudia Pahl-Wostl Christoph Schlumpf Martin Büssenschütt Andreas Schönborn Jan Burse 《Integrated Assessment》2000,1(4):267-280
Within the CLEAR project a new approach to integrated assessment modelling has been developed for the participatory integrated
assessment of regional climate change involving citizens' focus groups. The climate change decision problem was structured
by focusing separately on climate impacts and mitigation options. The attempt was made to link the different scales of the
problem from the individual to the global level. The abstract topic of climate change was related to options on the level
of a citizen's individual lifestyle. The option of a low energy society was emphasised in order to embed the climate change
decision problem in a wider range of societal concerns. Special emphasis was given to the characterisation and communication
of uncertainties. The chosen approach allows different kinds of uncertainties in one framework to be addressed. The paper
concludes with a summary of the experience made, and recommendations for the use of models in participatory integrated assessments.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
27.
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29.
Jalali R 《Disasters》2002,26(2):120-139
On 17 August 1999 Turkey was hit by a massive earthquake. Over 17,000 lives were lost and there was extensive damage to Turkey's heartland. This paper examines how various public and private institutions, including state and civil society institutions such as NGOs and the media responded to the needs of earthquake survivors. It documents the extensive involvement of NGOs in the relief efforts immediately after the disaster and examines the impact of such participation on state-civil society relations in the country. The data show that state response to the disaster went through several phases from a period of ineptitude to effective management. The paper credits the media and the NGOs for acting as advocates for survivors and forcing changes at the state level. The paper argues that an ideal response system, which fully addresses the needs of victims, can only be based on state-civil society relations that are both collaborative and adversarial. 相似文献
30.
Yuichi Moriguchi 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2007,9(2):112-120
This article reviews recent progress in material flow analysis and its use in providing resource productivity indicators and
is based on developments in Japanese policy toward a sound material-cycle society and in international forums such as within
the Organisation for Economic Development and Cooperation, covering both institutional and methodological issues. Indicators
derived from economy-wide material flow accounts such as direct material inputs are useful to demonstrate the absolute size
of a physical economy and to reinforce the need to both reduce consumption of natural resources and limit waste generation.
Interpretation of material flows as resources and potential environmental impacts is discussed, and linkages between the size
of material flows and specific environmental impacts and damage must be further elaborated for use in environmental policy.
Lessons learned from the practical use of resource productivity indicators are also discussed. Additional indicators are needed
that can be used to evaluate the performance of microeconomic contributors. The need for an integrated approach that links
upstream resource issues and downstream waste issues through the 3Rs concept or the circular economy/society concept is attracting
increasing attention. Consequently, the accumulation of reliable scientific knowledge and data in this field in a fully international
context is essential. 相似文献