全社会资金波动的安全预警模型及实证分析

利用聚类分析、时差相关分析、K -L信息量等方法 ,以国内生产总值发展速度的波动曲线为基准循环曲线 ,对各种经济指标进行分类和筛选 ,从而选定先行、一致、滞后三类指标组 ,运用主成分分析方法编制景气指数 ,以对社会资金的运动安全预警。在此基础上 ,笔者结合我国改革开放以来经济周期波动的实际情况 ,利用所编制的景气指数进行实证仿真分析 ,得到令人满意的结果     

The future of disasters studies: new disasters and the case of the Horn of Africa

Past disasters have been well studied, but the challenge of using the findings to improve the management of future events remains a daunting task. This paper argues that there are new and complex disasters of which the state itself has become the main source, as reflected in the Horn of Africa. This region is characterised by increasing vulnerability owing to the alarming decline of democracy and the rise of authoritarianism. These new disasters are less researched because of the hazard of conducting fieldwork in such environments. However, there is mounting evidence to highlight the possibility of performing research in these settings, but not by employing traditional methods; rather, these tools may need to be customised for use. One key policy implication here is that donors may need to invest more money in analysing these new disasters and they may need to consider building and strengthening genuine partnerships between Northern and Southern research institutions     

水库大坝的社会与环境风险标准研究

对水库大坝进行风险评价时,涉及生命风险、经济风险及社会与环境风险标准.目前国际上关于社会与环境风险标准仍为空白.本文对社会与环境影响要素进行量化,再综合成社会与环境影响指数,并结合我国国情,借用F-N线法初步确定了我国的社会与环境风险标准.沙河集等6座水库的初步应用结果表明,该风险标准及其确定方法基本合理可行,可用于水库大坝风险评价.     

General overview of the disaster management framework in Cameroon

Efficient and effective disaster management will prevent many hazardous events from becoming disasters. This paper constitutes the most comprehensive document on the natural disaster management framework of Cameroon. It reviews critically disaster management in Cameroon, examining the various legislative, institutional, and administrative frameworks that help to facilitate the process. Furthermore, it illuminates the vital role that disaster managers at the national, regional, and local level play to ease the process. Using empirical data, the study analyses the efficiency and effectiveness of the actions of disaster managers. Its findings reveal inadequate disaster management policies, poor coordination between disaster management institutions at the national level, the lack of trained disaster managers, a skewed disaster management system, and a top‐down hierarchical structure within Cameroon's disaster management framework. By scrutinising the disaster management framework of the country, policy recommendations based on the research findings are made on the institutional and administrative frameworks.     

Responding to security threats: livelihoods under protracted conflict in Sri Lanka

Populations affected by violent conflicts often withstand threats to their security as well as threats to their livelihoods. Their response to the former threats nontrivially affects their response to the latter threats, and vice versa. This paper examines the interplay between protection and livelihood strategies using a sample of households selected from the Anuradhapura district of Sri Lanka. The fieldwork for this study was completed in 2008, producing evidence that the protection and livelihood strategies employed by households affected by the protracted conflict in Sri Lanka are interlaced. In addition, the research discovered that Muslim and Sinhalese households largely responded to the protracted conflict in ways that are unique to their ethnic group. Certain vulnerabilities that impinge on protection and certain opportunities that support livelihoods are shown to be ethnicised. Hence, the final livelihood outcome, which is defined narrowly here as the household's income, also appears to be ethnicised.     

L'Aquila's reconstruction challenges: has Italy learned from its previous earthquake disasters?

Italy is an earthquake‐prone country and its disaster emergency response experiences over the past few decades have varied greatly, with some being much more successful than others. Overall, however, its reconstruction efforts have been criticised for being ad hoc, delayed, ineffective, and untargeted. In addition, while the emergency relief response to the L'Aquila earthquake of 6 April 2009—the primary case study in this evaluation—seems to have been successful, the reconstruction initiative got off to a very problematic start. To explore the root causes of this phenomenon, the paper argues that, owing to the way in which Italian Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi has politicised the process, the L'Aquila reconstruction endeavour is likely to suffer problems with local ownership, national/regional/municipal coordination, and corruption. It concludes with a set of recommendations aimed at addressing the pitfalls that may confront the L'Aquila reconstruction process over the next few years.     

民航机务维修安全管理水平未确知测度分析

为了准确判断机务维修安全管理状况,从维修人员、机械设备、环境和管理4个方面分析和探讨机务维修安全管理影响因素。基于国内外民航机务维修日常安全管理现状,采用系统工程和安全科学理论,结合现场调研结果,提出机务维修安全管理水平指标体系,并确定指标体系中的安全管理水平分级标准。针对民航维修安全管理具有不确定性和复杂性的特点,运用未确知测度理论建立机务维修安全管理水平分析模型。应用该模型计算某维修单位安全管理测度向量值,利用置信度准则判定其安全等级。结果表明,应用该模型所得分析结果与航空公司机务维修实际安全管理水平相符,该单位今后应重点加强维修人员引进、新机型培训和老龄飞机维护等管理工作。     

植被对厂房自然通风影响的数值模拟研究

通过对动量方程、能量方程等加源项的方法实现了对三维植物冠层湍流流动下厂房自然通风的数值模拟。计算结果和实测数据在下垫面温度以及叶面温度方面吻合较好,能充分反映实际的温度分布趋势。表明模拟体系对于有绿化情况下建筑自然通风各项参数的描述是准确的,可较好地预测不同植被配置下,建筑自然通风温度、速度等物理量的分布情况。同时,利用有效吹风温度差的分布分析了厂房内人员的热感觉情况。     

基于BP神经网络的绿色建筑评价

绿色建筑是指在建筑的全寿命周期内,最大限度地节约资源,保护环境和减少污染,为人们提供健康、适用和高效的使用空间,与自然和谐共生。根据绿色建筑的特点,确立绿色建筑评价指标体系,并运用管理理论中的层次分析法(AHP)和模糊综合评价方法(Fuzzy),提出了人工神经网络(ANN)评价模型。评估结果表明,该评价体系用于绿色建筑等级综合评价是快速、有效的。     

热电联产的效益与总量控制

介绍了热电联产的基本类型和一般规划原则,分析了热电联产规划为社会、经济及环境带来的效益,论证了热电联产是城市能源、环境协调发展的必由之路。通过SO2总量排放的分析,导出热电联产与分散供热能源利用方式所产生SO2排放总量的比较方法和计算模式。