燃料空气炸药一次引爆爆炸效应实验研究

为了提高燃料空气炸药（FAE）爆炸威力,设计制备了不同相态的FAE,并采用光测和电测方法,开展了开放空间下FAE一次引爆对比实验研究。结果表明:固态、液固混合及液态FAE被一次引爆后,均存在引爆中心装药、抛撒燃料、点火和爆炸4个阶段,云雾存续时间均长于等质量TNT装药的相应值,随着距离增加,固态FAE爆炸场超压变化规律为“减少-增加-减少”,其值高于等质量TNT装药的相应值;液态、液固混合FAE爆炸场超压变化规律为“增加-减少”,远场超压高于等质量TNT装药的相应值。     

民用型煤的固硫技术研究

在含硫量为3．14％的无烟煤中添加石灰（固硫剂）及少量碳氢化合物（助燃剂），制作成型煤。与非型煤对照进行燃烧试验，SO2排放量大幅度下降。     

微生物燃料电池处理难降解有机废水研究现状

微生物燃料电池(MFC)是一种利用微生物将有机物直接转化为电能的技术。MFC用于处理难降解有机废水,既可提高废水处理效果,又能产生电能,该技术是近年来的研究热点。从MFC的反应器构型、产电性能和有机物去除效果几个方面讨论了MFC处理难降解有机废水的现状和发展趋势。     

新型复合垃圾衍生燃料的制备及性能分析

为了提高城市生活垃圾资源化利用的效率,采用室温冷压有粘结剂成型的方法将城市生活垃圾和煤按一定的配比制成新型复合垃圾衍生燃料,研究了成型压力、配比对衍生燃料的热稳定性、机械强度、粘结性以及发热量的影响.试验结果表明,在生活垃圾中加入煤可有效改善衍生燃料性能,增加其热值,在成型压力为25 MPa,煤配比为20%时复合衍生燃料的性能最优.     

无公害清洗剂的研制

研制了无公害清洗剂,该剂为弱碱性水基清洗剂,不含强酸,强碱,磷,铝等有害成分,能有效地清洗任何硬表面的油污,对人,畜基本无毒。     

Developing a passive air-breathing tubular direct methanol fuel cell fed with concentrated methanol

This study develops and investigates a fully passive air-breathing tubular direct methanol fuel cell (t-DMFC) with a steel-tube anode and a steel-mesh cathode. The effects of methanol concentration, cathode catalyst loading, mesh structure, and forced air convection are experimentally explored. Results indicate that the t-DMFC performs better at a relatively higher methanol concentration of 8 M. It is recommended to use a catalyst loading of 4 mg cm^?2. Both the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and performance tests confirm that the 40-mesh setup is preferred at the cathode. The fuel cell yields a poor performance when the cathode works with forced air convection because the air-blowing operation reduces the cell temperature and this effect dominates the cell performance. The dynamic and constant-load behaviors are also inspected.     

US vehicle fuel-efficiency choices: demographic,behavioral, and cultural factors

In the United States, a large proportion of greenhouse gas emissions are from personal vehicle use, and there are large differences in emissions between the most and least efficient vehicles. We use data from 2009 US National Household Travel Survey to characterize consumers who drive the most and least efficient vehicles. We calculate personal fleet efficiency based on all vehicles owned, reflecting the behavioral aspect of vehicle-use choices by owners. Though higher incomes provide the means to purchase more efficient vehicles, we find those with higher incomes more likely to drive low-efficiency vehicles. Higher education levels correlate with greater vehicle efficiency. While some efficiency differences are based on consumer characteristics such as family size, we find large differences that we attribute mostly to cultural preferences as observed by race, region, etc. From a policy perspective, these differences are of particular interest since they may be amenable to change.     

化纤厂丙烯腈生产装置的清洁生产

从加强内部管理、变更生产方式、技术改造及能源回收利用等方面介绍丙烯腈生产装置实现清洁生产的途径及实施清洁生产的效果。     

化工生产中的清洁生产审计

清洁生产是环保工作中一项新的思维模式.清洁生产审计是实施清洁生产的一项有力措施.作者结合几年来的实践经验,对化工清洁生产审计中遇到的一些问题提出了自己的见解.     

Radiative forcing from household fuel burning in Asia

Household fuel use in developing countries, particularly as biomass and coal, is a major source of carbonaceous aerosols and other air pollutants affecting health and climate. Using state-of-the-art emission inventories, a global three-dimensional photochemical tracer/transport model of the troposphere, and a global radiative transfer model based on methods presented in the latest IPCC Assessment Report (2007-AR4), we estimate the radiative forcing (RF) attributable to household fuel combustion in Asia in terms of current global annual-mean RF and future global integrated RF for a one-year pulse of emissions (2000) over two time horizons (100 and 20 years). Despite the significant emissions of black carbon (BC) aerosols, these estimates indicate that shorter-lived (non-Kyoto) air pollutants from household fuel use in the region overall seem to exert a small net negative RF because of the strong influence of reflective aerosols. There are, however, major uncertainties in emission estimates for solid fuel burning, and about the sustainability of household fuel wood harvesting in Asia (the carbon neutrality of harvesting). In addition, there is still substantial uncertainty associated with the BC radiative forcing. As a result we find that the sign of the RF from household biomass burning in the region cannot be established. While recognizing the value of integrating climate change and air pollution policies, we are concerned that for a ‘Kyoto style’ post-Kyoto treaty (with global cap-and-trade and the Global Warming Potential as the metric) expanding the basket of components with a selection of short-lived species without also including the wider range of co-emitted species may lead to unintended consequences for global-scale climate. Additional measurement, modelling, and policy research is urgently needed to reduce the uncertainties so that the net impact on climate of emissions and mitigation measures in this sector can be accurately assessed.