高氯酸钾行业清洁生产评价指标体系初步研究

文章通过对高氯酸钾行业的调查,对从食盐开始的高氯酸钾生产过程进行全面分析,结合清洁生产的内涵和高氯酸钾行业的特点,研究建立高氯酸钾行业清洁生产评价指标体系。高氯酸钾行业清洁生产评价指标体系分为生产工艺设备水平指标、资源能源利用水平指标、污染物产生指标、废物循环利用指标、产品指标和环境管理指标6大类指标。     

浅析废弃资源综合利用项目的清洁生产

垃圾污染日益严重,对垃圾处理不当,可能会造成严重的大气、水和土壤污染,并将占用大量土地。垃圾综合利用项目可以实现垃圾的无害化、减量化、资源化,资源循环节约综合再生利用工作,既解决资源与环境问题,又是实施可持续发展战略的重要措施。结合某废弃资源综合利用工程项目实例从工艺技术、采用的清洁生产模式方面来进行清洁生产分析。     

A／O法在合成氨工业终端废水处理中的应用实例

主要介绍了合成氨工业废水的排放特点,A／O法处理工艺原理,以实例说明A／O法适用于实施清洁生产的合成氨企业的终端废水的处理。     

南水北调中线工程对生态环境的影响及其对策

本文研究了“南水北调”中线工程实施之后,对被调水的汉江中下游及其它有关区域的生态环境所产生的影响,该工程实施之后,有可能使汉江中下游水位降低;加剧汉江中下游农业用水差值和缺水状况;可能使汉江中下游水质变劣,向北方调送污水;使汉江中下游淤积程度加重,治理投资加大,气候有所变异。据此,本文提出实施该调水工程时,应同步修建沙市-沙洋的“两沙运河”,加强对汉江中下游段水环境的综合整治两项对策,以最大限度地减少和消除该调水工程实施之后对生态环境的不利影响。     

二水法磷酸生产的污染防治

在二水法磷酸生产中．选用先进的生产工艺和设备．采用合理的废水回用路线．并经过工艺指标的优化和控制,使污染得到有效防治．磷矿粉尘污染受到控制,废水零排放．含氟废气达标排放,磷石膏全部被综合利用。     

废物最少化审计中投入产出模型的建立及应用

根据“黑箱模型”原理,在工业废物最少化审计中建立并应用投入产出模型。本模型应用结果表明,它是工业废物最少化审计的有效工具,为分析工业生产物料流失原因,制订废物最少化方案提供科学依据,是推行清洁生产、实施工业废物最少化必要的技术方法之一。      

DBP,DOP清洁生产工艺及实施效果

针对增塑剂邻苯二甲酸二丁酯,邻苯二甲二辛酯的生产及废水治理现状,对生产过程的清洁生产审计及是提出清洁生产方案,并进行了实施,实施效果显著,污染物总量减少了８５％产品生产所需原材料有所下降,不仅具有环保效益,同时也有一定的经济效益。     

A statistical methodology for the evaluation of long-range dispersion models: an application to the ETEX exercise

This paper describes the statistical methodology applied to evaluate the performance of the long-range dispersion models that were used in the modelling activities of ETEX (European Tracer EXperiment). The availability of a large number of models makes this exercise rather unique. These models are used for the practical purpose to quantify the contamination effects over a vast area, following a hypothetical accidental release of harmful material. This makes the quality judgement that could be attributed to the results of each model particularly important.The statistical indicators considered to be the most effective for the evaluation of long-range dispersion models are introduced and commented, with specific examples in the frame of ETEX simulations. The importance of using several indices and critically interpreting the results is discussed.     

建设项目环境影响评价中污染物排放总量控制评价方法

本文提出了在建设项目环境影响评价中关于污染物排放总量控制评价所应包含的内容,介绍了清洁生产纳入环评中的方法,确定了在技术经济合理,污染物排放满足环境质量与排放标准前提下的排放总量,并对其合理性论证方法做了介绍,提出总量控制目标实现的对策。     

Production of boundary layer ozone from tropical American Savannah biomass burning emissions

Boundary layer ozone and carbon monoxide were measured at a savannah site in the Orinoco river basin, during the dry and wet seasons. CO and O₃ concentrations recorded around noontime show a good linear correlation, suggesting that the higher ozone levels observed during the dry season are photochemically produced during the oxidation of reactive hydrocarbons in the presence of NO_x both emitted by biomass burning. The rate of photochemical ozone production in the boundary layer ozone by biomass burning calculated from the production ratio ΔO₃/ΔCO (0.17±0.01 v : v) and the amount of CO produced by fires (0.26–1.3 mole m⁻² dry season⁻¹), ranges from 0.6 to 2.6 ppbv h⁻¹ for 8 h of daylight. This O₃ production rate is in fairly good agreement with the value derived from RO₂ radical measurements made in the Venezuelan savannah during the dry season. The net boundary layer production of O₃ from all tropical America savannah fires is estimated to range between 0.28 and 0.36 Tmol O₃ per year, which is about 3 times higher than the O₃ produced from pollution sources in the eastern United States during the summer. An extrapolation to all of the world's savannah would indicate a net boundary layer ozone production of about 1.2 Tmol yr⁻¹. This is discussed in the context of the overall global budget of tropospheric ozone.