米淀粉及其副产品清洁生产绩效评价研究

本文研究了传统米淀粉生产工艺物质流失及其生产过程控制与管理的内容,评价了米淀粉产品技改前与技改后的经济绩效和环境绩效.结果表明,开展清洁生产绩效评价研究,对于优化产品结构、实施工艺技术改造、提高资源能源利用率与节能减排效果具有重要意义.     

Cracking the Achilles’ heel of energy performance contracting projects: the credit risk identification method for clients

ABSTRACT

A credit risk identification model is established to examine the credit status of Energy performance contracting (EPC) project clients (i.e., energy-using companies) in China based on rough set theory. The model is verified with data from 120 listed companies at different times. Study shows that lack of credit is one of the main obstacles to the implementation of EPC projects, and information asymmetry is the main reason for this lack of credit among potential clients in China. The credit risk identification method based on rough set theory can make up for the shortcomings of existing EPC projects in terms of credit risk identification, including redundant information and indicators, and unclear decision rules. Credit risk identification indicators of clients are dynamic. The research results can help energy service companies (ESCOs) determine the credit status of clients, facilitate cooperation between ESCOs and clients, and help explain the various dynamics of clients’ credit risk identification indicators over time.     

艾比湖流域生态环境综合治理措施研究

分析艾比湖流域生态环境存在的问题，从生态功能区建设、流域污染综合治理、环境监控体系建设及环境保护宣传教育4个方面提出艾比湖流域综合治理的对策以遏制艾比湖流域生态环境恶化趋势，使区域经济和生态环境走可持续发展道路。     

涂料行业清洁生产审核实例研究

我国涂料行业高速发展的同时,严峻的行业环境问题严重限制了我国涂料行业的进一步发展.本文进行了涂料行业清洁生产审核实例研究.实践表明,加快我国涂料行业清洁生产技术的研究与开发,推进涂料企业清洁生产审核工作,可有效地减少涂料生产带来的环境污染,对我国涂料行业的可持续发展具有重要意义.     

面向管理的海洋修复工程生态绩效考核指标体系构建研究

目前国内关于海洋修复工程的考核研究多为修复工程的生态效果考核,极少包含成本效益考核,以致无法比较和分析不同类型、不同规模的海洋修复工程的生态绩效,不利于海洋修复工程的考核和验收管理。根据当前自然资源部实施“蓝色海湾”等整治修复工程的检查验收管理的新需求,本文构建了基于海洋生态系统健康恢复、生态系统服务价值增长和单位成本生态效益等理论的海洋修复工程生态绩效考核指标体系。此外,本文以温州海域2014—2016年海洋修复的生态绩效的考核为例,结合考核结果以及直接相关性、独立性、可测量性和业务化等指标选取原则,对指标体系进行了改进。结果表明本指标体系可以在海洋修复工程的检查验收中被用于生态绩效考核,管理部门可根据海洋修复工程的类型和管理需求,有选择性地采纳部分或全部指标进行考核。     

清洁生产审核在石油企业基层的应用研究

文章总体介绍了中国石化河南油田分公司古城油矿实施清洁生产审核的概况,针对基层开展清洁生产审核工作的现状,重点分析了审核过程中存在的各种问题:审核培训的深度和力度不够,基层清洁生产审核的人力、物力资源严重不足等。提出提高基层清洁生产审核效果的对策:加强全员清洁生产知识和审核方法的培训,选定合适的清洁生产审核单元,充分利用好现有的技术资源。通过实施清洁生产方案取得了较好的经济效益和环境效益。     

北京城区夏季O3化学生成过程

选取2007年7月1日—8月31日中的21个晴空日,利用观测资料和光化学箱模式计算了北京城区测点的O₃生成速率G(O₃)和O₃生成效率OPE.结果表明,21个晴空日中G(O₃)日最高小时值分布在(18~82)×10^-9h^-1之间;在O₃污染和非污染日G(O₃)最高值的平均水平无显著差异,且与O_x浓度之间不存在一致的对应关系,表明O₃化学生成过程不能全面解释地面O₃浓度的累积,物理传输过程对测点O₃实测浓度有显著作用;各个化学过程对G(O₃)的贡献率对比结果显示,HO₂ 在 NO向NO₂的转化中贡献最大;OPE值分布在2.8~5.8之间,总体水平为4.1±0.1;OPE值与NO_x浓度之间为非线性关系,OPE值随NO_x浓度的增加而减少,表明消减测点附近VOCs排放能有效降低O₃浓度.     

Mercury flows in large-scale gold production and implications for Hg pollution control

Large-scale gold production(LSGP) is one of the five convention-related atmospheric mercury(Hg) emission sources in the Minamata Convention on Mercury. However, field experiments on Hg flows of the whole process of LSGP are limited. To identify the atmospheric Hg emission points and understand Hg emission characteristics of LSGP, Hg flows in two gold smelters were studied. Overall atmospheric Hg emissions accounted for 10%–17% of total Hg outputs and the Hg emission factors for all processes were 7.6–9.6 kg/ton. There were three dominant atmospheric Hg emission points in the studied gold smelters, including the exhaust gas of the roasting process, exhaust gas from the environmental fog collection stack and exhaust gas from the converter of the refining process. Atmospheric Hg emissions from the roasting process only accounted for 16%–29% of total emissions and the rest were emitted from the refining process. The overall Hg speciation profile(gaseous elemental Hg/gaseous oxidized Hg/particulate-bound Hg) for LSGP was 34.1/57.1/8.8. The dominant Hg output byproducts included waste acid, sulfuric acid and cyanide leaching residue. Total Hg outputs from these three byproducts were 80% in smelter A and 84% in smelter B. Our study indicated that previous atmospheric Hg emissions from large-scale gold production might have been overestimated.Hg emission control in LSGP is not especially urgent in China compared to other significant emission sources(e.g., cement plants). Instead, LSGP is a potential Hg release source due to the high Hg output proportions to acid and sludge.     

Developing an empirical model of phytoplankton primary production: a neural network case study

We describe the development of a neural network model for estimating primary production of phytoplankton. Data from an enriched estuary in the eastern United States, Chesapeake Bay, were used to train, validate and test the model. Two error backpropagation multilayer perceptrons were trained: a simpler one (3-5-1) and a more complex one (12-5-1). Both neural networks outperformed conventional empirical models, even though only the latter, which exploits a larger suite of predictive variables, provided truly accurate outputs. The application of this neural network model is thoroughly discussed and the results of a sensitivity analysis are also presented.     

农村面源污染治理的政策与管理服务体系优化——以上海郊区农村为例

农村面源污染控制不仅是技术问题,也是管理体制与机制问题,探讨并完善农村面源污染治理的政策、管理与服务体系已成为当前研究的热点与难点。以上海郊区农村为例,梳理总结农村面源污染及其控制现状;在肯定当前治理效果的同时,识别其局限性,指出农业政策与环境保护政策的不协调、农村发展模式转变下制度与服务体系的相对滞后是根本原因;针对当前农村面源污染重要的贡献者——化肥、农药、畜禽粪便以及农村生活污水,分别从改革农业补贴制度、重构实现农村多重价值的制度以及完善农业生产服务体系等方面给出了治理的对策与建议。