聚类GO术语在基因表达差异研究中的应用

针对基因功能分类体系基因本体(Gene Ontology,GO)特殊的有向无环图特点,改进传统的用单个GO术语检测基因差异表达信号的缺陷,设计出"聚类GO术语提升差异表达检测(ScaGO)"算法.通过简单的输入对照和实验组表达谱上的全部基因表达信号,来研究一些比较新的差异表达功能组,有助于进一步解释基因差异表达的生物学意义,如疾病发病机制、药物作用机理等.将ScaGO和基于单GO术语差异分析法应用到急性淋巴细胞性白血病数据集和酵母Rap1 DNA绑定突变体差异表达数据集上,结果显示,ScaGO能比基于单GO术语差异分析法发现一些新的与差异表达相关联的功能类基因,对于指导实验具有积极意义.图1表3参21     

Mathematical Methods for Spatially Cohesive Reserve Design

The problem of designing spatially cohesive nature reserve systems that meet biodiversity objectives is formulated as a nonlinear integer programming problem. The multiobjective function minimises a combination of boundary length, area and failed representation of the biological attributes we are trying to conserve. The task is to reserve a subset of sites that best meet this objective. We use data on the distribution of habitats in the Northern Territory, Australia, to show how simulated annealing and a greedy heuristic algorithm can be used to generate good solutions to such large reserve design problems, and to compare the effectiveness of these methods.     

室内空气质量灰色聚类决策评价

根据3所室内对象的监测数据,将灰色聚类决策引入到室内空气质量的研究中,以室内主要污染物二氧化碳、一氧化碳、可吸入颗粒作为评价指标,建立了室内空气质量聚类标准评价序列及其针对不同灰类的白化权函数,以此分析3种污染物对室内空气质量的综合影响程度,得出室内空气质量的灰色聚类决策结果,从而实现了对室内空气质量的灰色评价.     

Characterization of particulate products for aging of ethylbenzene secondary organic aerosol in the presence of ammonium sulfate seed aerosol

Aging of secondary organic aerosol(SOA) particles formed from OH– initiated oxidation of ethylbenzene in the presence of high mass(100–300 μg/m~3) concentrations of(NH_4)_2SO_4seed aerosol was investigated in a home-made smog chamber in this study.The chemical composition of aged ethylbenzene SOA particles was measured using an aerosol laser time-of-flight mass spectrometer(ALTOFMS) coupled with a Fuzzy C-Means(FCM) clustering algorithm.Experimental results showed that nitrophenol,ethyl-nitrophenol,2,4-dinitrophenol,methyl glyoxylic acid,5-ethyl-6-oxo-2,4-hexadienoic acid,2-ethyl-2,4-hexadiendioic acid,2,3-dihydroxy-5-ethyl-6-oxo-4-hexenoic acid,1H-imidazole,hydrated N-glyoxal substituted1H-imidazole,hydrated glyoxal dimer substituted imidazole,1H-imidazole-2-carbaldehyde,N-glyoxal substituted hydrated 1H-imidazole-2-carbaldehyde and high-molecular-weight(HMW) components were the predominant products in the aged particles.Compared to the previous aromatic SOA aging studies,imidazole compounds,which can absorb solar radiation effectively,were newly detected in aged ethylbenzene SOA in the presence of high concentrations of(NH_4)_2SO_4seed aerosol.These findings provide new information for discussing aromatic SOA aging mechanisms.     

珠三角典型地区大气污染时段VOCs特征及化学反应活性

于2016年在广东大气超级监测站,开展4个季节的VOCs、O₃和PM_2.5长时间、高分辨率的连续观测,共获得2142组有效数据,并利用OH消耗速率(LOH)、臭氧生成潜势(OFP)和二次有机气溶胶生成潜势(SOAFP)3种评价方法以及HYSPLIT模型,分析珠三角典型地区大气污染时段VOCs特征及化学反应活性.结果表明,PM_2.5高值时段,除异戊二烯外,其余各种VOCs的平均浓度水平高于O₃高值时段.3种情境中,VOCs化学反应活性由强到弱依次为PM_2.5高值时段、观测期间、O₃高值时段.在O₃高值时段,来自珠三角东部地区气团中VOCs的浓度水平最高,而来自珠江西岸气团中VOCs的LOH和OFP最高,其次为来自珠三角东部的气团,这说明在珠江西岸和珠三角东部地区有大量的强化学反应活性污染物排放.来自北方内陆地区气团中苯系物占比较高,其SOAFP最高.在PM_2.5高值时段,来自南部海洋气团中VOCs的混合比、LOH、...     

基于灰色聚类方法的航空公司飞机进近着陆阶段安全性评估

进近着陆阶段时间短、任务重、环境复杂,是飞行事故多发阶段。飞行机组应当具备过硬的心理素质和熟练的驾驶技术,严格执行标准操作程序,提升稳定进近能力和复飞的决断能力,保障飞行安全。本文通过综合分析民用飞机在进近着陆时的影响因素和QAR译码数据,建立相关指标体系,构造出相应灰色聚类评价模型,根据综合聚类系数对航空公司某阶段飞机进近着陆安全性进行评估。该研究为航空公司进行进近着陆阶段安全性评估提供了一种较为科学的定量化依据,对于保障飞行安全具有现实意义。     

Comments on optimizing the selection of the number of groups in a classification tree

In a recent issue of this journal Guidi et al. (2009) proposed a Random Simulation Test (RST) to assist with the determination of the optimal number of clusters to be extracted from a hierarchical classification tree. This short note illustrates the potential influence that the richness of a simulated new site has on the determination of the optimal level to cut the dendrogram. This is discussed in the context of the need for clear objectives and criteria against which a classification tree can be evaluated. A simple modification of the RST is proposed that the simulated new site of the matrix has an appropriate number of positive entries that lies within the range of the observed matrix. The impact of this modification is then evaluated using an ecological community site-by-species matrix.     

指标规范值的灰色聚类用于大气环境质量评价

为减少传统的灰色聚类法用于空气质量评价时涉及到白化函数的设计工作量,在设定空气指标＂参照值＂和＂规范变换＂基础上,将同级标准规范值相近的指标归为一类,属于同一类的指标设计为相同的归化函数,简化了函数的计算。将指标规范后的聚类分析方法应用于大连市区空气质量评价,结果表明：该方法用于空气质量评价具有简单、方便和实用的特点。     

东北过伐林区不同林分类型土壤肥力质量评价研究

保持和提高森林土壤肥力质量是实现森林健康的基础。研究不同林型下土壤肥力质量对森林可持续经营具有重要意义。以东北过伐林区金仓林场中的落叶松Lartx gmelinii人工纯林、云杉Picea asperatax紫椴Tilia amurensis天然混交林、紫椴×白桦Betula platyphylla天然混交林、五角槭Acer monox白桦×落叶松天然混交林、五角槭×白桦×紫椴天然混交林、白桦×落叶松天然混交林和五角械×紫椴×青杨Populus pseudo-simonii天然混交林为研究对象,分析和比较了不同林分下的土壤物理和化学性质,并采用主成分分析与聚类分析相结合的方法评价了其土壤肥力质量。结果表明：①林分类型对土壤理化性质影响显著;随土壤深度增加,土壤密度和土壤pH值增大,而土壤含水量、物理性粘粒含量和养分质量分数减少,但其在不同林分下的变化程度不同;②土壤因子之间关系密切,物理性粘粒含量与含水量、全氮、速效钾质量分数呈极显著正相关,而与土壤密度和pH值呈显著负相关;土壤养分质量分数之间具有不同程度的显著正相关关系;③采用主成分分析法对不同林分下0～60cm的土壤肥力质量进行了评价,土壤肥力质量表现为天然混交林高于落叶松人工纯林;采伐降低了土壤的肥力质量;在落叶松人工纯林中,随着林龄的增加,土壤的肥力质量下降。通过对土壤肥力质量综合指标值的聚类分析,将研究区土壤肥力质量分为优、良、中、差4个等级,肥力质量属于中等以上（优、良、中等）的林地所占研究样地的比例为66．7％,研究区森林土壤肥力质量属于中等水平。建议在经营过伐林时,注意调整林分结构和树种组成,控制采伐强度,同时进行长期定位观测和比较,以改善林分整体的肥力状况。本研究结果为该地区林业可持续经营提供直接依据,也为东北地区森林土壤肥力质量评价提供参考。