壳聚糖季铵盐的制备及其降尘性能研究

以壳聚糖为原料,对其季铵化改性制备了一种新型煤矿用环保降尘剂。主要包括单体3-氯-2-羟丙基三甲基氯化铵(CTA)的合成与壳聚糖季铵盐（HTCC）的制备。通过单因素试验研究了反应时间、反应温度、碱用量、单体配比等因素对HTCC降尘率的影响,并采用正交实验确定了最佳的工艺合成条件为:m(NaOH)/m(CTA)=1.2,m(CTA)/m(CTS)=3.5,60 ℃下反应10 h;用IR、XRD表征了HTCC。当HTCC投加量为0.4 g/L,pH=6、温度25 ℃时,煤尘去除率达到最大约为94.6%,在降尘领域中有着良好的应用前景。     

引气剂和聚丙烯纤维对高水材料性质的影响研究

为了改变高水材料的破坏特点,采用引气剂和聚丙烯纤维双掺对其进行改性。试验结果表明:随着引气剂掺量的增加,浆体的流动性逐渐降低,混合浆液失流时间延长,试块密度和单轴抗压强度逐渐减小;聚丙烯纤维的掺入,对浆体流动性、失流时间、引气率影响均较小。聚丙烯纤维最佳掺量为2 kg/m3,引气剂和聚丙烯纤维的掺入使硬化体的弹性模量略有减小,且使试块由脆性破坏转变为延性破坏,在保持整体不散的情况下,提高其压缩量。SEM观察表明:钙矾石在气泡壁上集中生成,聚丙烯纤维与基体的界面处有利于针状钙矾石的生成,从而使聚丙烯纤维更好地发挥增强增韧的作用。     

Effect of anti-juvenile hormone agent,KK-42 on the incorporation rate of radioactive glycine and biosynthesis of silk proteins of silkworm,Bombyx mori L.

The effects of anti-juvenile hormone agent, KK-42 on incorporation rate of radioactive glycine in cocoon crop production and biosynthesis of silk proteins of silkworm, Bombyx mori L. were studied in a popular bivoltine silkworm hybrid, Xinhang (Chinese) × Keming (Japanese). Administration of KK-42 on first day larvae of fourth instar induced 100% trimolters, and the total larval duration was shortened by four days, which has marked advantages in sericulture. The impact of KK-42 on enhanced incorporation rate of radioactive glycine, cocoon weight, RNA content, and fibroin content was significant compared to control, which leads to superior quality of silk. This has a significant economic importance in the reeling industry.     

综掘工作面除尘技术研究与应用

主要分析了通风除尘、除尘器除尘、喷雾除尘、煤层注水除尘、控尘技术、泡沫除尘的技术特点。新型泡沫抑尘技术在邢台煤矿的现场应用证明了泡沫抑尘技术具有除尘效率高、能改善作业环境等特点,尤其对呼吸性粉尘能有效抑制,具有较好的推广应用前景。     

压缩空气蛋白泡沫抑制液体火的有效性研究

压缩空气泡沫灭火技术是一项新型灭火技术,为验证压缩空气泡沫系统与蛋白泡沫灭火剂结合使用时是否可以成为含PFOS泡沫灭火剂的替代技术,开展了压缩空气蛋白泡沫抑制液体火有效性试验.在对压缩空气蛋白泡沫的泡沫性能进行分析的基础上,进一步采用标准油盘火试验模型对压缩空气蛋白泡沫的灭火性能进行评估,并与吸气式泡沫产生系统进行了对比.试验结果表明压缩空气蛋白泡沫具有优异的泡沫性能,同时具备抑制非水溶性液体火的有效性,可以作为含PFOS泡沫灭火剂的替代技术.     

新型环保水系灭火剂的制备及灭火效果测试

对化学添加剂的灭火原理及其灭火性能进行研究,利用表面活性剂的复配原理,制备出pH值呈中性、完全溶于水的高效环保型水系灭火剂。并通过灭火平台系统对油盘火和固体堆垛的灭火效果进行测试分析。结果表明,含有3%添加量和5%添加量的配方灭火剂的灭火效能比使用纯水有较大的提高,对油盘的火势面积加权计算可以得到添加该配方的灭火剂灭火效能约为纯水的2.5倍。含有5%添加量的配方灭火剂对木垛火的灭火效能约为纯水的1倍,而且不易复燃。对研究可燃物质的阻燃以及消防灭火具有理论指导意义和实际应用价值。     

电厂烟气脱硫废水处理

主要介绍电厂脱硫废水处理工艺的情况,针对废水中Cr6+、F-、SS的处理,采用中和-还原工艺处理脱硫废水,使处理后的废水各项出水指标达到GB8978-1996《污水综合排放标准》国家一级排放标准。     

铵饱和天然钙型沸石的化学再生效果

为实现沸石人工湿地的长期高效运行,以铵饱和天然钙型沸石为对象,通过沸石化学再生试验,从6种常用化学再生剂(NaCl+NaOH,NaCl+CaCl₂和NaCl+NaHCO₃组合型,以及NaCl,CaCl₂和NaHCO₃)中筛选出最佳再生剂,并优化了再生剂适用条件. 结果表明,NaCl+CaCl₂组合型再生剂能提升沸石再生率10%～20%,且不影响沸石结构,是一种较优的再生剂. 采用NaCl+CaCl₂组合型再生剂,Na+在沸石再生初期起主导作用,而当c(Na＋)较低时,Ca2+的离子交换作用逐渐起主导作用,因而采用该组合型再生剂能显著提升再生剂效果的持久性. 再生条件优化试验表明,当c(NaCl)∶c(CaCl₂)为7∶3,即当Ca2+和Na+所带正电荷数接近时,组合型再生剂再生率相对较高;当再生温度低于45℃时,升高温度能显著提升沸石再生率;而再生剂投加量为0.6 mol/L(以再生剂中的阳离子浓度计)时,组合型再生剂投加量最经济.      

新型硫酸锂复合早强剂对煤矿封孔水泥早强效果的影响研究

为缩短煤矿封孔注浆材料的候凝时间,以煤矿注浆封孔硅酸盐水泥为研究对象,在Li2SO4单掺早强效果研究的基础上,将锂盐与有机物进行复配。通过正交实验考察了高湿环境中不同组成和配比下,Li2SO4复合早强剂对于封孔水泥早强效果的影响。结果表明,Li2SO4与聚羧酸和三乙醇胺复配新拌混凝土后流动性良好,当该复配早强剂的组成为硫酸锂1.0%,聚羧酸0.03%,三乙醇胺0.3%,掺量为胶体总质量的1.3%时,可使注浆封孔水泥早期强度提高最为显著,1d抗压强度提高到556%,3d抗压强度提高到157%。     

Addressing behavior in pollinator conservation policies to combat the implementation gap

Solutions for conserving biodiversity lie in changing people's behavior. Ambitious international and national conservation policies frequently fail to effectively mitigate biodiversity loss because they rarely apply behavior-change theories. We conducted a gap analysis of conservation behavior-change interventions advocated in national conservation strategies with the Behavior Change Wheel (BCW), a comprehensive framework for systematically characterizing and designing behavior-change interventions. Using pollinator conservation as a case study, we classified the conservation actions listed in national pollinator initiatives in relation to intervention functions and policy categories of the BCW. We included all national-level policy documents from the European Union available in March 2019 that focused on conservation of pollinators (n = 8). A total of 610 pollinator conservation actions were coded using in-depth directed content analysis, resulting in the identification of 787 intervention function and 766 policy category codes. Overall, these initiatives did not employ the entire breadth of behavioral interventions. Intervention functions most frequently identified were education (23%) and environmental restructuring (19%). Least frequently identified intervention functions were incentivization (3%), and restriction (2%) and coercion were completely absent (0%). Importantly, 41% of all pollinator conservation actions failed to identify whose behavior was to be changed. Building on these analyses, we suggest that reasons for the serious implementation gap in national and international conservation policies is founded in insufficient understanding of which behavioral interventions to employ for most beneficial impacts on biodiversity and how to clearly specify the intervention targets. We recommend that policy advisors engage with behavior-change theory to design effective behavior-change interventions that underpin successful conservation policies.