Mechanical performance of woodfibre–waste plastic composite materials

Plastic products used for packaging are often discarded after a single use resulting in an inexhaustible supply of waste polymeric materials. The stiffness and strength of polymeric materials have been known to improve with the addition of lignocellulosic fibres available in abundance in nature. Hence, composite materials containing natural fibres and waste plastics would result in the reduction of solid wastes and the use of cheap, renewable resources. Composite specimens, consisting of waste plastics obtained from a Kerbside collection (high density polyethylene (HDPE) waste, Janitorial waste, Kerbside waste I and Kerbside waste II) and Pinus radiata woodfibres (medium density fibres (MDF)), have been produced through melt blending and injection moulding. The effects of fibre content, matrix type and interfacial bonding on the tensile and flexural properties of these composite materials have been determined through extensive testing at various conditions. The mechanical properties of these composites at room temperature and humidity depend on the amount of woodfibres, the mechanical properties of the waste plastics used and the presence of a suitable coupling agent. The tensile strengths of MDF/waste plastic composites do not generally change with fibre content except for 40% MDF/HDPE waste and 40% MDF/Kerbside waste II (plus 1% Epolene™) composites, where the tensile strengths increase by about 25% compared to those of the corresponding waste plastics. Flexural strengths of MDF/waste plastic composites increase with the addition of medium density fibres with the exception of MDF/Kerbside waste I composites. The tensile and flexural moduli of MDF/waste plastic composites mostly increase with increasing fibre content.     

饮用水絮凝剂的应用现状与发展趋势

针对饮用水絮凝剂存在的问题，本文就国内外饮用水絮凝剂的研究，发展及应用情况进行了概述，并对絮凝剂今后的研究工作提出了建议。     

固体微粒气溶胶灭火剂产物腐蚀性研究

固体微粒气溶胶灭火剂是一种新型灭火材料，具有良好的抑制火灾的能力。研究了气溶液灭火剂的固体产物对四种金属材料的腐蚀情况，对其腐蚀性做了定性及定量分析，评价了不同灭火剂的固体产物对四种金属材料的腐蚀性级别。结果表明，在相对湿度小于55%时，气溶胶灭火剂的固体产物在短时间（≤8h)内，其腐蚀性非常小；随着时间的延长、湿度的增加，气溶胶对金属的腐蚀会加剧。     

提高水基热气溶胶灭火剂燃速途径的研究

水基热气溶胶灭火剂是以替代哈龙为目的而研制的新一代气溶胶灭火剂；因为其燃烧速度对灭火效率有重大影响，故本文在理论分析的基础上，采用加入金属粉提高导热系数，增加反应放热量；加入正催化剂降低反应活化能；在反应器中采用导流管除去燃烧表面的液态产物，加强燃烧反应的热反馈等方式提高灭火剂燃速。     

渤海埕北油田生产污水处理

1987年底埕北油田排海生产污水含油严重超标，为解决这一问题，采取了一系列措施，如：调整改进聚结器、浮选器，砂滤器添加滤网，清洁水缓冲罐增设污油回收装置。之后，进行了加药实验，实验表明：选择适用子处理埕北油田生产污水的化学药剂和其合适的加药浓度，使排海生产污水含油达到了规定的标准。从根本上解决了排海污水超标问题。     

THE STABILITY IN WATER OF A NEW CHLORAMINE DISINFECTANT1

ABSTRACT: The stability in water of a novel new chloramine agent, 3-chloro-4, 4-dimethyl-2-oxazolidinone (agent I), which is an excellent water disinfectant, has been compared to the stabilities of several other water disinfectants. The agents tested in addition to agent I included N-chlorosuccinimide, 2, 4-dichloro-5, 5-dimethylhydantoin, tichloroisocyanuric acid, calcium hypochlorite, commercial grade HTH, and household bleach. The total chlorine content of a water solution of agent I in a demand free environment remains constant over a period of at least eight weeks, while that for all of the other agents declines markedly over that time period. An explanation for these observations will be offered. Prior work in these laboratories concerning use of agent I as a disinfectant for lake water in a laboratory scale treatment plant had shown that agent I has considerable potential for use as an alternative to chlorine gas for water disinfection.     

新型气体灭火技术在海上平台的应用可行性分析

根据海上油气生产平台的特点及灭火需求,分析了海上平台现有灭火系统及灭火剂的综合性能及缺陷,对新型灭火系统的安全性、环保特性、灭火剂的毒性及灭火效能等方面进行对比和分析,对采用新灭火技术替代平台现有灭火装置的应用可行性进行探讨,分析显示:新型灭火剂Novec1230比目前海上平台应用的其他气体灭火剂在安全环保灭火性能上更具优势。     

低压下不同新型清洁气体灭火剂抑灭21700型锂离子电池火研究

为探究在航空运输低压环境下Novec1230（全氟己酮）和2-BTP（2-溴-3,3,3三氟丙烯）2种新型清洁气体灭火剂扑灭和抑制空运锂离子电池火的效果,基于动压变温实验舱,自主设计了适用于气体灭火剂的实验灭火装置;在40,60,80 kPa 3种环境压力梯度下开展灭火实验,分析了施加2种灭火剂前后锂电池表面温度变化和灭火过程中的实验现象。结果表明:低压下2-BTP和Novec1230均能有效降低锂离子电池火焰中自由基浓度,快速扑灭明火;2-BTP的降温和抑制温升效果明显优于Novec1230,能更好地抑制锂电池之间的连锁热失控。研究结果可为新一代机载灭火剂的选择提供参考。     

化学法去除循环水排污水中的磷

研究了聚合氯化铝、硫酸铁、氯化铁及生石灰等除磷剂对循环水排污水的除磷效果,考察了反应温度、反应时间、污水p H和除磷剂投加方式对除磷效果的影响。实验结果表明:聚合氯化铝和硫酸铁的除磷效率相当,其次是氯化铁,生石灰的除磷效率最低;最终选用聚合氯化铝作为除磷剂,对循环水排污水进行除磷处理时无需调节其p H,反应可在室温下进行,反应时间需大于300 s;聚合氯化铝最佳投加量为40 mg/L,二次性投加聚合氯化铝的除磷效果明显好于一次性投加;二次性投加出水TP为0.37 mg/L。     

杀藻细菌色素Deinoxanthin的理化性质及其制剂研发

塔玛亚历山大藻(Alexandrium tamarense)是一种有毒甲藻,常引发赤潮,对海洋环境及人类健康造成极大的威胁.前期研究发现,耐辐射球菌属的一株细菌Y35能够通过分泌杀藻化合物Deinoxanthin达到控制塔玛亚历山大藻生长的效果.为了加强Deinoxanthin的应用效果,对其在不同条件下的稳定性进行了研究.结果表明,杀藻化合物Deinoxanthin有较高的热稳定性,且在中性和碱性条件下稳定,在光照和紫外线辐射下易分解.而通过壳聚糖和海藻酸钠对Deinoxanthin进行包埋固定化,从而构建缓释微球提高了Deinoxanthin的稳定性.杀藻制剂能够高效地表现出杀藻效果,杀藻制剂的研发为杀藻细菌色素应用于藻华治理奠定了基础.