海南东部河口和近岸海域总溶解态无机砷的分布及季节变化

利用氢化物发生原子荧光法对2006年12月和2007年8月航次海南东部河流、河口、近岸及地下水中的总溶解态无机砷(total dissolved inorganic arsenic,TDIAs,As5++As3+)进行了测定.2006年12月万泉河及河口、文昌/文教河及河口、近岸TDIAs的浓度分别为4.0～9.4、1.3～13.3、13.3～17.3 nmol.L-1,2007年8月万泉河及河口、文昌/文教河及河口、近岸、地下水TDIAs的浓度分别为1.6～15.5、2.4～15.9、10.8～17.6、未检出～41.7 nmol.L-1.结果表明,万泉河及文昌/文教河河流、河口TDIAs的浓度不存在显著性季节变化,较我国及世界其它河流、河口偏低,处于自然状态.砷在万泉河口和文昌/文教河口混合过程中均表现为保守混合.以文昌/文教河为例,初步估算出2007年文昌/文教河口地下水向沿岸砷的输送通量为1 153 mol.a-1,约为文昌/文教河砷入海通量的二分之一,表明海南东部沿岸地下水也是沿岸海区砷的主要来源之一.     

Household evacuation characteristics in American Samoa during the 2009 Samoa Islands tsunami

Tsunamis represent significant threats to human life and development in coastal communities. This quantitative study examines the influence of household characteristics on evacuation actions taken by 211 respondents in American Samoa who were at their homes during the 29 September 2009 M_w 8.1 Samoa Islands earthquake and tsunami disaster. Multiple logistic regression analysis of survey data was used to examine the association between evacuation and various household factors. Findings show that increases in distance to shoreline were associated with a slightly decreased likelihood of evacuation, whereas households reporting higher income had an increased probability of evacuation. The response in American Samoa was an effective one, with only 34 fatalities in a tsunami that reached shore in as little as 15 minutes. Consequently, future research should implement more qualitative study designs to identify event and cultural specific determinants of household evacuation behaviour to local tsunamis.     

深圳妈湾电厂温排水海洋生态影响回顾性评价

沿海地区电厂温排水在物理、化学、生物等方面对附近海域温度造成的影响越来越受到人们的关注。本文采用现场实测与数值模拟相结合的方法,确定电厂温排水的影响范围,模拟受纳水域的温升分布,评价温排水对海洋生态环境的影响程度,以期为近海海域热污染防治提供技术依据。     

中国沿海城市化推进对海洋污染的影响及作用机制——基于面板空间计量方法

探究沿海城市化推进与海洋污染间的关系对沿海城市绿色发展具有重要意义。本文基于2006—2013年中国沿海46个地级市的海洋污染物浓度数据和遥感所得的夜间灯光亮度数据，运用面板空间计量技术从深度推进和广度推进两方面系统考察了沿海城市化对海洋污染的影响及作用机制，结果表明：以紧凑集约为特征的城市化深度推进与海洋污染之间存在着非线性的“U形”关系，而以规模扩张为特征的城市化广度推进只会单纯地加剧海洋污染。城市化深度推进会通过集聚效应和技术进步效应对海洋污染产生积极影响，而城市化广度推进过程中所带来的人口规模的扩大会加剧海洋污染，此外产业结构和绿色技术未能转型升级也是城市扩张加剧海洋污染的关键因素所在。本研究提出在海洋环境管理过程中，一是要加强区域合作，实现海洋污染的区域联防联控；二是应注重城市的紧凑集约化发展，发挥沿海城市化推进对海洋污染防治的正外部性影响；三是需推进海洋经济的绿色可持续发展，实现海洋经济发展与海洋环境污染的脱钩。     

Organochlorines in sediments and mussels collected from coastal sites along the Pearl River Delta, South China

IntroductionContaminationofthemarineenvironmentassociatedwithorganochlorineshasreceivedincreasingattentionoverthelastthirtyyears.Particularattentionhasbeenfocusedonthecoastalzoneandestuaries ,especiallynearmetropolitanregion(Sericano ,1990 ) .ThePearlRiverestuarine ,rangefromDayaBayintheeasttoChangshanIslandsinthewest,supportslargepopulationsofmarineorganismsandextensivefisheriesintheSouthChina .Sincethe 1980s ,therehasbeenrapideconomicdevelopmentinthePearlRiverDeltaresultinginexcessivedi…     

Cyclone disaster vulnerability and response experiences in coastal Bangladesh

For generations, cyclones and tidal surges have frequently devastated lives and property in coastal and island Bangladesh. This study explores vulnerability to cyclone hazards using first‐hand coping recollections from prior to, during and after these events. Qualitative field data suggest that, beyond extreme cyclone forces, localised vulnerability is defined in terms of response processes, infrastructure, socially uneven exposure, settlement development patterns, and livelihoods. Prior to cyclones, religious activities increase and people try to save food and valuable possessions. Those in dispersed settlements who fail to reach cyclone shelters take refuge in thatched‐roof houses and big‐branch trees. However, women and children are affected more despite the modification of traditional hierarchies during cyclone periods. Instinctive survival strategies and intra‐community cooperation improve coping post cyclone. This study recommends that disaster reduction programmes encourage cyclone mitigation while being aware of localised realities, endogenous risk analyses, and coping and adaptation of affected communities (as active survivors rather than helpless victims).     

长江口滨岸带生态环境质量评价指标体系与评价模型

基于生态系统理论,构建了由社会、经济、自然环境、自然灾害4个子系统和7个二级指标及29个三级指标组成的长江口滨岸带生态环境质量评价指标体系;以信息熵理论为基础建立了客观确定指标权重的综合信息熵模型法,并以层次分析法和综合信息熵模型法相结合确定评价指标权重值;采用灰色关联综合评价模型对上海滨岸带生态环境质量进行评价。对上海滨岸带宝山、浦东、南汇、奉贤、金山和崇明岸段1999~2003年5年间生态环境质量的时空变化特征和分级规律的研究表明：宝山滨岸带生态环境质量1999~2000年为较差,2001~2003年为中等;浦东、奉贤、南汇和金山生态环境质量一直处于中等水平;崇明生态环境质量1999、2000年为良,而2001~2003年为中。     

天津滨海新区环境状况分析及对策建议

天津市滨海新区包括塘沽、汉沽、大港、开发区、保税区、是近年天津最大的经济增长点,是全市经济发展的新龙头。本文依据近年环境的监测结果,分析了滨海新区的环境现状和主要环境问题,在此基础上提出了实现了新区社会、经济发展与环境,资源保护相协调,走可持续发展之路的对策建议。     

辽东湾沿岸贝类和环境中的粪大肠菌和细菌总数

对辽东湾沿岸海域几种主要经济贝类体内及其生存环境中的粪大肠菌群和细菌总数进行了调查与研究。结果表明,贝类中粪大肠菌群超标率为53.8%;表层海水中超标率为46.2%;表层沉积物中超标率为12.5%。各种样品中细菌总数的检出结果也表明,该沿岸海域环境和贝类受到了一定的有机污染影响。     

木麻黄沿海防护林土壤呼吸动态及其关键影响因子

以中国亚热带木麻黄沿海防护林为研究对象,利用LI-8100土壤呼吸自动观测系统,对木麻黄人工林生态系统的土壤呼吸特征进行了监测.结果表明,不同林龄木麻黄林地土壤呼吸日动态均呈双峰变化曲线,8:00~10:00和14:00~16:00出现峰值,最小值出现在20:00~22:00;季节动态均呈单峰曲线,最大值出现在6~7月份,最小值则出现在12~1月份.土壤温度和水分对土壤呼吸的季节变化存在显著影响,并有明显的交互作用,进行单因素方差分析发现,土壤呼吸季节变化与5cm土温存在着较好的指数相关关系(P成林>幼林;随着林龄的增大,土壤呼吸对土壤温度和土壤水分的敏感性增强.