东营市海岸带区域综合承载力评估

随着人类对海岸带开发强度的不断提高,海岸带资源、环境问题日益突出,海岸带可持续发展成为人类共识,海岸带区域综合承载力研究作为该区域可持续发展的基础性研究,可以为海岸带区域合理开发与管理提供重要理论支撑。本文选取东营市海岸带为研究区域,以海岸带湿地遥感解译数据、浅海水质监测数据及社会经济统计数据为数据源,运用状态空间法计算了研究区2010—2014年海岸带区域的综合承载力;对东营市与潍坊市、滨州市的海岸带区域综合承载力进行了比较分析;预测了2016—2020年东营市海岸带区域综合承载力;依据研究结果探讨了海岸带可持续利用的未来途径。结果表明:在过去的2010—2014年和预测的2016—2020年东营市海岸带区域综合承载力均处于超载状态,但总趋势是向好的;同时,2010—2014年东营市海岸带在吸引外资、港口发展、海岸带生态系统服务价值、浅海海域水环境方面具有明显优势,但社会公共服务投入不平衡、不稳定。与2016—2020年东营市海岸带区域综合承载力预测结果相比较而言,2011年东营市海岸带区域综合承载力超载最明显,与该年环境压力大和社会投入不足有关。2014年东营市各县区海岸带区域综合承载力均处于超载状态,广饶县超载最明显;同时各县区自然、社会、经济发展水平差异较大,市辖区社会经济指标优于各县区。东营市海岸带区域综合承载力相比潍坊市、滨州市在资源、环境、生态方面具有明显优势,但在社会支撑方面投入不足,因此可以通过保持资源、生态优势,弥补社会投入不足等措施提高东营市海岸带可持续利用水平。     

Moderation effect of planning on housing development along the French Atlantic coast: findings from an event history hazard model

Laws and bylaws are regularly challenged for their effectiveness in containing urbanisation sprawl and, conversely, for the constraints they put on development projects. From a French case study, we used survival analysis to disentangle a complex mix of influences on the distribution of residential construction over a 42-year observation period at plot scale when almost everything changes simultaneously. We found that integrated laws and bylaws can slow down coastal urbanisation but do not stop it. Although land planning is becoming more effective, it still provides ample opportunity for residential development because other factors, like distance to existing infrastructure, exert a far stronger influence than the protection of coastal areas. Therefore, this article contributes to filling a knowledge gap about the founding role of public policies on land use dynamics.     

Dissolved nutrient dynamics along the southwest coastal waters of India during northeast monsoon: a case study

Dissolved nutrients, Chl-a and primary productivity were measured from seven transects along the coastal waters of the southeastern Arabian Sea during northeast monsoon. Ten major estuaries were chosen to study the influence of estuarine discharge on the nutrient dynamics in the coastal waters. The mean water discharge of the estuaries in the north (64.8?±?18?×?10⁵?m³?d^?1) was found to be higher than those in the south (30.6?±?21.4?×?10⁵?m³?d^?1), whereas the nutrient concentrations were found to be higher in the estuaries of the south. The results from the offshore waters were discussed in accordance with the depth contour classification, that is, shelf (depth?≤?30?m) and slope waters (depth?≥?30?m). Our results suggest that the estuarine discharge plays a major role in the nutrient distribution in near shore shelf waters, whereas in shelf and slope waters, it was mainly controlled by in situ biological processes. The inorganic form of N to P ratios were found to be higher than Redfield ratio in slope waters when compared with shelf waters, suggesting that PO₄^3? (<0.15?µmol?L^?1) is a limiting nutrient for primary production. The multivariate statistical analysis revealed that the nutrient dynamics in the coastal waters was controlled by both biological and physical processes.     

海岸带湿地变化及其对生态环境的影响:厦门海域案例研究

以厦门海岸带湿地为研究目标,收集调查从20世纪50年代至今与厦门海岸带湿地相关的资料和数据,从浅海海域面积的减少,近岸泥沙淤积,底部沉积物改变,红树林的面积减少4个方面,分析厦门海岸带湿地长期变化的状况和原因,并在此基础上进一步从厦门海域水质变化、近海底栖生物类型变化、航道淤积、水产养殖问题和珍稀海洋动物生存状况5个方面分析由于海岸带湿地变化对厦门海湾生态环境产生的影响。     

Spatio-Temporal Fluxes in Particulate Organic Carbon in a Tropical Coastal Lagoon

Temporal and spatial variations in particulate organic carbon (POC) in relation to primary production, chlorophyll a, phaeophytin, plankton abundance, secondary production and suspended particulate matter (SPM) were studied monthly for 1 year from April 1996 to March 1997 in a shallow tropical coastal lagoon on the southwest coast of India. Though temporal variations in all components were significant, spatial variabilities were not statistically significant. POC values range from 200 to 5690 mg C m³ h⁻¹, while primary production, chlorophyll a, and phaeophytin varied between 0.02 and 14.53 mg C m⁻³ h⁻¹, 0.87 and 23.11 mg m⁻³ and 3.02 and 30.581 mg m⁻³, respectively. Phytoplankton and zooplankton abundance varied from 0.01 to 655.5×10⁵ no m⁻³ and negligible to 7.08×10⁵ no m⁻³ respectively; secondary production from 10 to 490 mg C m⁻³ and SPM between 0.38 and 74.43×10⁴ mg m⁻³ during this study. Temporally, postmonsoon months were observed to have the highest concentrations of POC in the lagoon waters. The bulk of the POC pool in the lagoon was composed of secondary producers (72%), followed by chlorophyll a (21%), phaeophytin (7%) and suspended particulate matter of inorganic origin (< 0.1%).     

旅游活动对滨海浴场水环境影响研究

基于灰色关联识别模型,从时空角度分析旅游活动对杭州湾北岸滨海人工浴场水环境的影响,研究滨海旅游活动与海水环境质量的关系。研究表明,滨海人工浴场由于管理模式及水体净化技术的不同,水域环境呈现不同的时空分布特征,但总体上滨海人工浴场建设和环境管理工作,可以有效保护滨海人工浴场以及周边区域水环境;不同旅游活动对水环境的影响程度不一,根据灰色关联识别模型综合评价指数,影响最大的是以水上自行车、皮划艇等为主的水上游乐项目,综合评价指数为2.571和2.542;其次是海滨游泳活动,综合评价指数为2.513;影响最小的水上舞台活动和观海踏潮,综合评价指数分别为2.501和2.472。     

近岸海域水质自动监测规范化研究

为规范近岸海域水质自动监测,基于近岸海域水质监测要求和质控要求、近岸海域水质自动监测系统特点和近岸海域水质自动监测运行的经验,开展了近岸海域水质自动监测规范化研究,编制了《近岸海域水质自动监测技术规范》(HJ 731—2014),规范了近岸海域水质自动监测系统建设、设备选择、系统验收、日常管理、维护和校准、质量保证和质量控制、数据有效性和上报、监测报告等方面的工作。有利于在标准方法基础上,使中国近岸海域水质自动监测系统的监测数据准确、可靠、可比,有利于近岸海域水质自动监测系统在日常监测中更好地发挥作用。     

香港东部近海水质时空分布模式

综合利用系统聚类分析、后退式判别分析和基于GIS平台的逆距离加权法开展了香港东部近海水质时空分布模式研究,案例为香港东部近海区域,数据为2000～2004年27个采样点4类15个水质指标.结果表明:①在时间尺度上,香港东部近海水质最佳分为1～5月和6～12月2组;在空间尺度上分为2组,分别对应于重度和轻度污染类型;②表征时间和空间差异性的显著性指标分别为Si、NH 4-N、SD、DO、温度和TN、NH 4-N、PO-4-P、VSS;③显著性指标的时空差异性比较明显,其中空间尺度上第1组采样点(MM1、TM2～TM4)的周边区域浓度显著高于第2组,同时,除了第1组周边区域之外,TN与PO-4-P的空间分布基本相反,而NH 4-N与VSS则比较相似;时间尺度上Si在6～12月的平均浓度明显高于1～5月,而NH 4-N和SD则相反,此外,DO和温度两者的差异性显著负相关.基于上述结果,建议优化监测频次/采样点,同时需要加强8个显著性指标的监测,并且需要加强香港东部海岸陆源污染控制:吐露港和香港与深圳交界处重点削减点源和农田径流污染,而牛尾海水质管制区和赤门峡北部需要加强浴场休闲区和鱼类与贝类养殖区的环境管制.此研究可为香港近海水质监测和功能区划提供科学基础.     

崇明岛滨岸滩地植物系统中重金属元素的分布累积与相互关系

以滩地几种常见大型植物为研究对象,系统地分析了Cd及Ni在芦苇、海三棱草和互花米草系统中的分布与累积,以及Cd,Ni,K及Ca 4种重金属元素在芦苇中的相互关系.结果表明:Cd及Ni在芦苇、海三棱草和互花米草根部的累积程度较高,约占总量的50%以上.w(Cd)在3种植物不同器官中均为根>茎>叶. 3种植物等量的地下部分中互花米草的阳离子交换量(CEC)可能最高; 互花米草各器官对Cd及Ni的累积能力均强于芦苇和海三棱草. 芦苇地下部分对K及Ca的吸收可以促进Ni的吸收与累积,但同时对Cd的吸收与累积却有一定的阻碍作用;茎中K及Ca与Ni及Cd均表现为一定的拮抗作用;在芦苇体中营养元素K及Ca呈一定的协同作用. 以w(Cd)及w(Ni)在上海市土壤分级标准中的相关背景值为参考,崇明岛滨岸滩地植物系统根际土壤中的w(Cd)及w(Ni)整体上处于清洁水平.