Hydrogeomorphic Reference Condition and Its Relationship with Macroinvertebrate Assemblages in Southeastern U.S. Sand Hills Streams

Defining stream reference conditions is integral to providing benchmarks to ecological perturbation. We quantified channel geometry, hydrologic and environmental variables, and macroinvertebrates in 62 low‐gradient, SE United States (U.S.) Sand Hills (Level IV ecoregion) sand‐bed streams. To identify hydrogeomorphic reference condition (HGM), we clustered channel geometry deviation from expectations given watershed area (Aws), resulting in two HGM groups discriminated by area at the top of bank (Atob) residuals <0.6 m² and >0.6 m² predicted to be HGM reference/nonreference streams, respectively. Two independent partial least squares discriminate analyses used (1) hydrologic/environmental variables and (2) macroinvertebrate mean trait values (mT) on 10 reference/nonreference stream pairs of similar Aws for classification validation. Nonreference streams had flashier hydrographs and altered flow magnitudes, lower organic matter, coarser substrate, higher pH/specific conductivity compared with reference streams. Macroinvertebrate assemblages corresponded to HGM groupings, with mT indicative of multivoltinism, collector‐gatherer functional feeding groups, fast current‐preference taxa, and lower Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera richness and biotic integrity in nonreference streams. HGM classifications in Sand Hills, sand‐bed streams were determined from channel geometry. This easily implemented classification is indicative of contemporary hydrologic disturbance resulting in contrasting macroinvertebrate assemblages.     

桉树与几种滨海植物水浸提液对纤细角毛藻生长的影响

为了研究桉树人工林是否会对海洋初级生产者产生影响,实验选取了桉树及4种滨海植物(木麻黄、台湾相思、秋茄和白骨壤),对比5种植物叶片水浸提液对纤细角毛藻生长的影响。结果显示,桉树对纤细角毛藻生长的影响最大,低浓度的叶片水浸提液(5 m L/L)表现出很强的抑藻作用;木麻黄、台湾相思和秋茄对纤细角毛藻生长的影响次之,低浓度的叶片水浸提液(5 m L/L)表现出较弱的抑藻作用,15 m L/L时,对藻的抑制作用较强;白骨壤对纤细角毛藻生长的影响最弱,25 m L/L时,表现出对藻有较弱的抑制作用。实验结果表明,桉树比其他常见的滨海植物对海洋微藻具有更强的化感作用,在沿海地区大面积种植桉树人工林会对海洋初级生产者产生潜在的影响。     

江苏沿海生态旅游产品的开发

生态旅游产品是时尚的高品质旅游产品，江苏沿海地区旅游资源的独特性，为生态旅游产品开发提供了重要基础，文章从分析江苏沿海生态旅游发展现状出发，探讨了海滨生态旅游产品的开发原则和开发模式，提出了建立江苏沿海生态旅游开发产品体系的构想。     

Distribution and Significance of Epipsammic Algae in the Coastal Shore (Ibeno Beach) of Qua Iboe River Estuary, Nigeria

The distribution of epipsammic phytoplankton in the coastal shore (Ibeno beach) of Qua Iboe River estuary was studied in the early summer (between October and December) of 1998. The results revealed the presence of Actinoptychus undulatus, Aphanizomenon flos-aquae, Astasia fustis, Chromulina globosa, Cocconeis pediculus, Cymatopleura solea, Cymbella lanceolata, Euglena intermedia, Lyngbya majusculata, Microcystis sp., Nodularia spumigena, Navicular rhynocephala, Oscillatoria nigroviridis, Pinnularia viridis, Rhoicosphenia curvata, Trachelomonas volvocina and Urceolus cyclostomus in the sandy beach. The mean species density of the epipsammic algae encountered in the beach ranged from 16 to 7600 organisms per hectare. The density, however, decreased with increase in sampling distance from the low tide level. Actinoptychus undulatus was the most abundant and widely distributed phytoplankton while Aphanizomenon flos-aquae was the least encountered species. The occurrence of A. flos-aquae and other toxin producing cyanobacterial species of Lyngbya majusculata, Microcystis sp., N. spumigena and O. nigroviridis in the sandy beach are of serious health significance.     

AQUIFER SALINIZATION IN THE YUN‐LIN COASTAL AREA,TAIWAN1

ABSTRACT: This study analyzes possible causes of shallow ground water salinization in the coastal area of Yun‐Lin. The local hydro‐geologic setting is determined from geological drilling data and sea floor topography. Three possible causes (sea water intrusion, salt water percolation through wells, and infiltration of salty water from fish ponds) are evaluated. Chloride concentration is used as an index to measure ground water salinization. Sea water intrusion is modeled by the advective/dispersive equation, and salt water infiltration from wells and fish ponds is calculated by estimating the amount of water percolated. The determined local hydrogeologic setting suggests that the shallow aquifer may be connected to the sea water, resulting in salt water intrusion as a large amount of shallow ground water is withdrawn. The percent contributions of sea water intrusion, percolation through wells, and infiltration of water from fish ponds, to the salinization of the shallow aquifer at Ko‐Hu in the Yun‐Lin coastal area are approximately 27 percent, less than 1 percent and 73 percent, respectively. The results suggest that the vertical infiltration of salt water from fish ponds is the major cause of shallow ground water salinization in the coastal area of Yun‐Lin.     

THE EFFECTS OF WATER RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT ON ESTUARINE ENVIRONMENTS1

ABSTRACT. The Texas Water Development Board, the principal water resource planning agency of the State, has been conducting extensive estuarine data collection activities and associated research to determine the required quantity and quality of fresh water inflows necessary to maintain various environmental conditions in Texas estuaries to preserve the estuarine ecosystems. These activities are a consequence of a statutory directive to the Board to make provisions in its State Water Plan for the effects of upstream water resource development on the associated estuaries. This paper reports on the results of the first phase of an extensive estuarine research project. The objectives of the research project are to (1) define the interrelationships between estuarine ecosystems and fresh water and nutrient inflows, and (2) develop and test quantitative simulation techniques which describe these relationships. In order to accomplish the first objective, physical and chemical water quality data and biological data on the estuarine ecosystems are being collected, compiled and analyzed. The second objective is being satisfied by the development of hydrodynamic and ecologic simulation models of the estuarine environment.     

胶州湾内外沉积物岩芯中多氯萘的分布特征研究

利用13 C同位素稀释-高分辨率气相色谱-高分辨率质谱法测定了胶州湾内、外沉积物岩芯中多氯萘(PCNs)异构体的含量,对其同系物分布、可能来源、沉积通量及毒性当量进行了初步探讨,并研究了由各类来源PCNs进入到胶州湾的历史沉积趋势.结果表明,胶州湾内、外沉积物岩芯中∑PCNs含量范围分别为3.9～56.4 Pg·g-1...     

气候变化对近岸海域缺氧的影响机制研究进展

随着全球变暖的不断加剧,近岸海域缺氧对气候变化的响应已成为近年来国内外研究的热点问题。本文综述了气候变化对近岸海域缺氧的影响机制研究进展,气候变化将通过径流量及营养盐输入、风应力和水体温度的变化等方面影响缺氧的形成和发展。指出今后应结合多种技术手段,开展气候改变径流量和风对缺氧影响的研究,并就缺氧对生物代谢变化的响应,以及缺氧对气候变化的滞后效应及相关过程的识别等方面进行深入研究。     

基于灰关联的大连庄河市生态安全评价研究

大连庄河市是辽宁沿海经济带的重点开发区,其生态安全状况对于振兴东北老工业基地有着极其重要的意义。运用灰色关联法对庄河市城市生态安全进行评价,结果表明,2002年-2008年庄河市的生态安全关联度均在5.5以上,生态安全状况比较乐观。从动态趋势上看,庄河市生态安全系统处于稳定增长状态。通过结果的分析,为沿海经济带开发在生态安全方面提供数据支持。     

沿海城市固体废物处置对策探讨

沿海城市有它们共同的特性,除了经济发展,它们还有优越的地理资源和环境资源优势,沿海城市的固体废物同样具有其自身的特点。据此,分析沿海城市固体废物特性,固体废物的生产和处置状态,并综合沿海城市的地理和经济特性,及在国家发展中所承担的重要职责,提出了通过控制污染源,建立循环性经济体制和固体废物电子管理政务体系,引进和研发高新固废处理技术、加强管理和国内、国际间的合作等措施,促进固体废物更有效地得以妥善处置,实现城市与海洋和谐发展的对策建议。