山东半岛南部近海表层沉积物中脂类生物标志物的组成及形态分析

分析了山东半岛南部近海表层沉积物中游离态和碱不稳定结合态脂类物质的组成,结果显示:脂肪酸呈现以16∶0为主峰的单峰形分布趋势,具明显偶碳优势,海源为其主要来源,脂肪酸主要以结合态形式存在,不同类别的脂肪酸形态分布略有差异,脂肪酸的结构和来源是影响脂肪酸形态分布的重要因素;同样以海源为主的甾醇则主要以游离态形式存在,但陆源甾醇的结合态比重相对较高;烷烃呈现以C29烷烃为主峰的单峰形分布趋势,陆源输入是其主要来源;烷烃主要以游离态形式存在,且UCM(不可分辨成分)峰仅出现在游离态烷烃的气相色谱图中。     

pH对滨海含水介质胶体迁移-沉积的影响

室内土柱试验采用天津滨海地区具有代表性的土样为研究对象,探讨pH对胶体在含水介质中迁移-沉积行为的影响。结果表明,pH为6.90和11.70的胶体穿透曲线呈"S"型,而pH为3.00时呈反"S"型;胶体的穿透曲线与示踪离子相比,存在一个临界孔隙体积数(临界点),在临界点之前胶体的迁移速度大于示踪离子,之后则相反;胶体在含水介质迁移过程中发生了沉积,沉积量随孔隙体积数的增加而增加;pH=3.00胶体的总沉积率为90.24%,是pH=6.90和pH=11.70胶体的2~3倍,后二者的总沉积率大小相近。酸性环境下,沉积作用在胶体迁移过程中一直占主导地位,中性和酸性环境中,胶体沉积作用则相对较小。     

东海近岸沉积物中酸可挥发性硫化物的分布研究

研究了东海近岸沉积物中酸可挥发性硫化物(AVS)的水平分布和垂直分布.由于该区域水深较浅、水的垂直交换带来的氧的补充,表层沉积物中AVS的含量较低,大部分站位低于检出限.而对于AVS的垂直分布,其含量范围为0～5.82 μmol/g.不同站位检出AVS的深度不同,这主要是由有机质含量和沉积物的孔隙度控制的,高有机质含量和低孔隙度将有利于AVS的生成.从可检测到AVS的层次以深,AVS含量基本随深度增加,呈现出较稳定的沉积状态.通过与不同沉积环境的AVS的测定结果进行比较发现,不同沉积环境下AVS的含量存在一定差异,研究区域AVS的含量与珠江口附近沉积物相近.     

Distribution of mercury in different environmental compartments in the aquatic ecosystem of the coastal zone of the Southern Baltic Sea

The aim of this study was to characterize mercury (Hg) contamination in the coastal waters of the Southern Baltic Sea, and to investigate transformations of Hg in the initial links of the marine food chain. Concentrations of Hg in water, particulate matter, plankton and macrophytes at various stations in the coastal zone (a bay with restricted water exchange, near an industrial city, river mouths, and the open sea) were measured in 2006–2008. Hg concentrations observed in the Southern Baltic varied greatly, showing the highest average values in all environmental compartments near the river mouths. In shallow, sheltered parts of the gulf, where water exchange is restricted, Hg concentrations in the water and in macrophytes were elevated relative to those in the coastal zone of the deeper part of the bay and in the open Baltic. Distance to the river mouth, terrestrial runoff, and quantity and quality of organic matter were more important than seasonal variations in controlling Hg and HgSPM concentrations in water samples. Mercury concentrations in the surface microlayer at the air/sea interface were over 10 times higher than those in the bulk surface water. Concentrations of Hg in macrophytes in the winter were significantly higher than those in the warm seasons (spring, summer, autumn). This was probably the combined effect of higher availability of Hg in porewaters and leaf growth inhibition.     

沿海省区洪灾脆弱性空间变化的初步探究

目前,脆弱性评估主要有建立指标体系、依据历史灾情和建立灾损曲线三种方法。选取国内评价洪灾脆弱性的典型指标构建指标体系,并采用主成分分析方法从原始数据中提取占总方差85．614％的3个主成分来分析影响洪灾脆弱性的主要因素,并通过聚类分析的方法来反映沿海省区洪灾脆弱性的空间变化。结果表明：人均产值、城镇建成区面积、居民消费水平、人口密度和地均产值等是影响沿海省区洪灾脆弱性的主要因素。最终沿海11个省区根据脆弱性差异聚成4类。     

江苏沿海开发与环境保护战略研究

通过分析江苏省沿海开发过程中面临的压力和存在的不足,结合开发与环境保护的目标,从环境保护角度探讨了沿海地区的开发和建设。沿海地区需根据区域发展定位、资源环境承载能力和发展潜力,构建合理的生态空间新格局;实施保护式开发,明确禁止开发、限制开发和重点开发区域;建立保护区与开发区之间的协调机制和生态补偿机制,加强开发中的生态建设和环境保护,从而在开发的同时有效保护区域内的人居环境、重要的陆地生态资源和海洋生态环境。     

Prioritizing urban marine habitats for conservation

Urban coastal wetlands and adjoining coves and embayments can provide habitat for significant numbers of waterbirds, despite being subject to high levels of stressors from human activities. Yet to date little emphasis has been placed on identifying these areas and prioritizing them for conservation. In this study I outline a three-step process to identify and prioritize local sites for conservation using waterbird abundance and diversity and an index of the risk to a site from marine development, and apply it to a series of urban coastal sites in two North Atlantic estuaries located in the northeast US. By combining waterbird abundance and species richness with the risk from marine development I generated a ranked list of sites with the highest listed sites having high bird diversity and low risk from development. From this list individual sites can be prioritized for conservation, and various protection scenarios can be evaluated and compared. For example, 7 of the top 10 ranked sites in Boston Harbor, combined with sites already protected under local, state, or federal statutes, represented over half of the total bird diversity in the Harbor. Similarly, in Narragansett Bay 6 of the top 10 sites when combined with sites already protected represent 48.8% of the Bay’s bird diversity. Formally protecting these sites, all of which are at relatively low risk from marine development, could result in the conservation of considerable waterbird habitat at low economic cost (i.e., from loss of development potential). Other ranking scenarios (by bird diversity alone, or by risk from marine development) were also evaluated and compared to the combined ranking. Identification of sites with high bird diversity and low risk from development could provide important information for local land acquisition groups and planning boards when considering options for the conservation of urban coastal habitats.     

Environmental indicators GIS of the Catalan coast

This paper describes the environmental indicators GIS of the Catalan coast, Spain. The spatial data model is based on vector and raster layers with three main modules: the biodiversity, the general biophysical and the socioeconomic. Presently, the database has a number of pressure and impact indicators that have been used to model the components and structure of the system and are suggested to build ecological resilience. Special interest has been given to the analysis of functional groups of species that are relevant to the dynamics of the coastal system, and preliminary results are presented. This system constitutes a user-oriented analytical and monitoring tool for coastal zone managers and researchers. Although, the system is under development it is expected that resulting spatial indicators of environmental condition can be used to promote more sustainable coastal strategies and actions in the Catalan coast.     

珠海金鼎工业园地下水水质演变及其对水污染防控的提示

以珠海金鼎工业园这一典型的滨海工业园为研究对象,对比分析了工业园建成后不同时期(2005—2007与2015—2022)园区地下水环境监测数据与稳定氢、氧、氮等多种环境同位素数据,探讨了该园区浅层地下水水质时空演变特征,分析了园区地下水水质的超标问题与诱因,并识别了园区地下水、主要离子与无机氮等成分的来源,明确了该浅层含水层特征指标对海水入侵的指示,为滨海工业园区地下水污染的管控提供了科学依据。     

渤海湾海岸带生境退化诊断方法

海岸带是世界上生产力和生物多样性最高的生境类型之一. 海岸带生境退化诊断技术研究是保护生态系统和近海生物资源的现实需求,将为海岸带环境管理提供有力的技术支撑. 以渤海湾海岸带为研究区域,基于驱动力-压力-状态-影响-响应(DPSIR)框架模型,构建了渤海湾生境退化诊断的指标体系;采用层次分析法确定指标权重系数,对渤海湾海岸带生境退化进行了综合诊断和评价. 结果表明:相对于20世纪80年代,20多年来渤海湾海岸带的水质下降了1个等级,底质和滩涂栖息地下降了2个等级,入海物质对海岸带环境的压力提高了2个等级,海岸带生境的综合评价结果下降了1个等级.