Environmental fate of Ra in cation-exchange regeneration brine waste disposed to septic tanks, New Jersey Coastal Plain, USA: migration to the water table

Fate of radium (Ra) in liquid regeneration brine wastes from water softeners disposed to septic tanks in the New Jersey Coastal Plain was studied. Before treatment, combined Ra (²²⁶Ra plus ²²⁸Ra) concentrations (maximum, 1.54 Bq L⁻¹) exceeded the 0.185 Bq L⁻¹ Maximum Contaminant Level in 4 of 10 studied domestic-well waters (median pH, 4.90). At the water table downgradient from leachfields, combined Ra concentrations were low (commonly ≤0.019 Bq L⁻¹) when pH was >5.3, indicating sequestration; when pH was ≤5.3 (acidic), concentrations were elevated (maximum, 0.985 Bq L⁻¹ - greater than concentrations in corresponding discharged septic-tank effluents (maximum, 0.243 Bq L⁻¹)), indicating Ra mobilization from leachfield sediments. Confidence in quantification of Ra mass balance was reduced by study design limitations, including synoptic sampling of effluents and ground waters, and large uncertainties associated with analytical methods. The trend of Ra mobilization in acidic environments does match observations from regional water-quality assessments.     

滨海风砂地种植后土壤生物化学特性的分析

对福建省长乐市大鹤林场滨海风砂地果园套种前后土壤生物化学特性变化进行研究,结果表明,滨海风砂地果园种植后土壤养分水平提高;土壤微生物数量增加,而且出现了新的种类;土壤酶活性增强;土层含水量提高;沙层和地表的温度下降;小生境得到了一定程度的改善。     

A process-convolution approach to modelling temperatures in the North Atlantic Ocean

This paper develops a process-convolution approach for space-time modelling. With this approach, a dependent process is constructed by convolving a simple, perhaps independent, process. Since the convolution kernel may evolve over space and time, this approach lends itself to specifying models with non-stationary dependence structure. The model is motivated by an application from oceanography: estimation of the mean temperature field in the North Atlantic Ocean as a function of spatial location and time. The large amount of this data poses some difficulties; hence computational considerations weigh heavily in some modelling aspects. A Bayesian approach is taken here which relies on Markov chain Monte Carlo for exploring the posterior distribution.     

Physical planning in the coastal region of Zeeland, the Netherlands

The Dutch province of Zeeland is situated in the southern part of the Delta region. The geographical location of the province and its history of inundation, land reclamation and dam-building, clearly illustrate the importance that water always has had and still has in The Netherlands. Coastal defence projects are of utmost importance for The Netherlands and the Delta Project is the crown project. The importance of this project does not only regard the protection against the sea; the Delta dams also contribute considerably to the regional infrastructure. They are a important contribution to the abolishment of the former isolation of the region. They control inland navigation and form important boundaries for water management. They separate salt, brackish and fresh water as well as waters with or without tidal-influence and they also influence the ecological systems in and along the waters. Through physical planning, including the coastal policy of today, land and water can be further integrated. This paper discusses the role of the Province in area planning, related to the division of labour between the various public authorities in The Netherlands: state, provinces and municipalities. Coastal and water policy at the provincial level have been largely integrated with relevant other interests. It may be concluded that regional planning and coastal policy are beginning to adopt a new view towards dealing with water.     

地理信息系统在近岸海域环境管理中的应用

文章研究了地理信息系统技术在某滨海城市近岸海域环境管理中的应用 ,研究表明在地理信息系统支持下的近岸海域环境管理包括 :海洋污染源管理、海洋环境质量评价等 ,具有界面友好、形象直观、使用方便、易于操作和维护等优点。     

沿海丘陵地形区域大气环境质量预测模式体系

介绍了一套适合沿海丘陵地形条件的区域大气环境质量预测体系,它主要由局地扩散模式（ＨＰＤＭ模式,Ｍｉｓｒａ模式）、中尺度气象场模式和区域扩散模式（分段烟流模式）组成,该系统具有较快的计算速度。同时文章对气象场模式中所采用的三维准静力动力学模型在地形追随坐标下的形式进行了较完整的描述,对变换后湍流扩散项的近似取舍进行讨论并且对传统的分段烟流模式的分段烟流作了连续性定义的改进。     

渤海海岸带生态分区研究

生态区划是有效利用自然资源、保护生态环境的基础. 海岸带作为全球生态环境最脆弱、最敏感的区域之一,生态区划能更好地促进海岸带资源环境的可持续发展,可为管理者和决策者提供理论依据. 从生态环境的角度出发,综合分析了渤海海岸带的生态环境特征及其区域分异规律,并建立了生态分区指标体系和命名系统. 以地理信息系统为基本工具,建立了气候、地形、土壤、水系和土地利用等数据库,运用GIS技术进行生态要素的空间分析,完成了渤海海岸带生态区划,全区共分为4个生态区和15个生态亚区.最后分析了每个生态区的生态环境问题,并提出了相应的保护对策.       

珠海金鼎工业园地下水水质演变及其对水污染防控的提示

以珠海金鼎工业园这一典型的滨海工业园为研究对象,对比分析了工业园建成后不同时期(2005—2007与2015—2022)园区地下水环境监测数据与稳定氢、氧、氮等多种环境同位素数据,探讨了该园区浅层地下水水质时空演变特征,分析了园区地下水水质的超标问题与诱因,并识别了园区地下水、主要离子与无机氮等成分的来源,明确了该浅层含水层特征指标对海水入侵的指示,为滨海工业园区地下水污染的管控提供了科学依据。     

海岸带污染负荷预测模型及其在渤海湾的应用

针对海岸带及其近岸海域污染的特点,建立旨在为污染负荷总量的控制与削减以及在不同部门的重新分配提供技术手段和科学依据的海岸带水污染负荷预测模型．该模型涵盖了海岸带区域的主要污水排放部门,综合采用统计回归、灰色预测等方法,解决了由于数据缺乏或相互关系不明确而带来的环境系统的不确定性问题,并依据天津市污染负荷历年统计数据对模型加以验证．通过对天津市近岸海域近10年氮、磷、石油类和耗氧有机物排放量估算结果可以看出,万元产值工业废水排放量逐年下降,耗氧有机物排放量逐年缓慢增长．在污水排放总量中,有2／3的耗氧有机物和75％以上的氮来自于生活污水,因此天津市应重点控制生活污水排放．     

东南沿海地区土地利用转换态势与机制分析

引进土地利用动态度、利用优势度和类型复杂度评判指标,重点揭示20世纪90年代东南沿海地区土地利用类型转换程度、时空差异及其机制。研究表明:东南沿海地区耕地减少122.2×10⁴hm²,建设用地增加85.9×10⁴hm²。土地利用类型转换态势受区域经济社会发展水平及其结构变动的深刻影响。市场经济体制的完善和个体股份机制的创新为沿海土地利用类型快速转换提供了政策平台。人口增长与技术进步是土地利用类型转换的原动力,并通过推进各类产业园区(包括开发区)、中心村镇建设而作用于土地利用类型转换的全过程。