RETRACTED ARTICLE: Removal of lead and cadmium ions from aqueous solutions using the macroalga Caulerpa racemosa

Sediment bulk parameters and fatty acid biomarkers were used to investigate the relative contribution of major sources of particulate organic matter during upwelling and non-upwelling conditions, at organic enriched sites on the south-eastern Brazilian coast. The degradation state of the organic material and its implications for benthic food webs were also evaluated. Temperature and salinity values indicate the intrusion of the South Atlantic Central Water in spring with a strong influence at station 4S. C:N ratios and fatty acid biomarkers suggest that sedimentary particulate organic matter is mainly autochthonous and originated from phytoplankton, zooplankton and bacteria, with a minor terrestrial contribution. Short-chain saturated fatty acids predominated, indicating the prevalence of partially degraded detritus. An exception was station 4S, where polyunsaturated fatty acids dominated, indicating the input of labile organic matter linked to upwelling of the South Atlantic Central Water. Fatty acid concentrations and the organic carbon content of the sediments suggest that food quantity is not a limiting factor for benthic fauna. Despite the high organic background of the sediments, the sporadic inputs of labile organic matter associated with South Atlantic Central Water intrusions may produce an important impact on benthic fauna and on the biogeochemistry of the sediments.     

Influence of human activity and monsoon dynamics on spatial and temporal hydrochemistry in tropical coastal waters (Sanya Bay,South China Sea)

Human activities and oceanic influences like mixing and/or upwelling define the hydrochemical and biological characteristics of coastal regions. In Sanya Bay, northern South China Sea, the balance between these two influences on spatial and temporal scales is poorly understood. The influence from human activities was due to discharge from Sanya River, whereas the most important marine influence was related to seasonal changes in hydrodynamics. Spatial differences (p<0.05) in total nitrogen (TN) and chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) were observed. Seasonal differences were observed for temperature and nutrients. Human activities are the dominant factor influemcing hydrochemistry in the inner bay. This region exhibited the maximum influence of discharge from Saya River as estimated by higher nutrient levels. Oceanic influences like upwelling and mixing caused by monsoons are the dominant factors influencing hydrochemistry in the central and outer bay. Both human activities and oceanic influences play important roles in coastal ecosystems in Sanya Bay. This study has defined these characteristics so that better management policies can be enacted.     

The Thermal Discharges From Nuclear Power Plants in Taiwan

The increasing use of sea water for industrial cooling presents a real threat to the ecological environment in the ocean. in Taiwan where many electric power plants along the coast take sea water for cooling, people are concerned seriously about nuclear power plants. There are three nuclear power plants in Taiwan. Each plant has two units for generating power. the first two are located along the northern coast of Taiwan. the third is located in Kenting National Park along the coast of southernmost Taiwan. the plants take sea water for cooling, and discharge their heated effluents to the ocean surface from the coast. the thermal effluents have variable effects on the ecological environment near the plants. Fishermen living near the power plants complain that the heated water affects the inshore fishery catch. in addition, the thermal water from the second plant is easily accumulated near the coastal zone to influence the nearby swimming area in the summer-time. the thermal water from the third plant bleaches or kills some corals in shallow water near the outlet, and this conflicts with the interests of Kenting National Park.     

人为干扰对闽江河口湿地土壤硝化-反硝化潜力的影响

选择闽江河口芦苇湿地为研究对象,研究了人为干扰活动(养殖塘、污染物排放和农业活动)对湿地土壤硝化-反硝化潜力的影响.结果表明,人类干扰活动对湿地土壤硝化和反硝化潜力均具有显著影响,4种土壤的硝化潜力表现为水稻田>养殖塘>排污闸口>芦苇湿地,其最大硝化率分别为103.45%、99.38%、12.58%和4.16%,而反硝化作用的变化规律则与之相反,24d内的最大反硝化率分别为21.89%、26.95%、78.15%和88.28%,说明人类干扰和管理程度越大,土壤硝化潜力越大,反硝化潜力越弱.土壤NO3--N含量是闽江河口地区不同人为干扰方式下土壤硝化-反硝化作用差异的重要指示指标,土壤pH值与土壤硝化-反硝化作用也具有密切关系,而土壤有机质、全氮、全磷和可溶性碳含量以及电导率等则与土壤硝化-反硝化作用不具有显著的相关关系.人类干扰活动导致土壤硝化能力的提高,反硝化能力的降低,能够增加土壤氮素以硝态氮形式淋失的风险.     

BTEX污染含水层不同形态铁含量变化的试验模拟

通过砂柱试验模拟BTEX(苯、甲苯、乙苯和二甲苯的混合物)污染含水层的过程,分析了含水层中铁形态分布及氧化还原环境的变化.结果表明:发生铁还原反应区域介质中的w(TFe)降幅最大,达25.7%;而发生硫酸盐还原反应的区域介质中的w(TFe)因亚铁沉淀生成作用降幅减至11.7%~14.6%.铁还原菌电子受体主要来源于氧化物结合态铁;氧化物结合态铁首先转化为可交换态铁,进而被利用.硫化物结合态铁的形成可作为硫酸盐还原过程开始的标志.      

苏北沿海某滩涂区土壤重金属含量及其污染评价

为揭示沿海滩涂快速发展区土壤重金属的污染风险状况,分别采用潜在生态风险指数法与内梅罗综合污染指数法,对苏北沿海某滩涂区土壤重金属(Pb、Cr、Cd、Hg和As)含量、污染风险及其空间格局进行了评价.结果表明:目前该滩涂区土壤环境质量总体良好,土壤重金属呈轻度潜在生态风险和警戒级综合污染水平,其趋势均为工业园区>居民区>镇郊农田>围垦滩涂;2种评价方法的研究结果均表明,工业发展和城镇化建设是驱动土壤重金属污染风险升高的主因,强烈的人类活动加速了土壤重金属累积,宜采用优化产业布局、加强监测监控和强化源头防治以防控和削减该区土壤重金属危害.      

江苏省沿海地区耕地系统能值分析及高效持续利用评价

采用能值分析法,在对耕地资源高效持续利用内涵及评价指标界定的基础上,对江苏省沿海区域2000-2008年耕地生态经济系统的高效持续性水平进行了评价。研究结果表明:①2000-2008年江苏沿海地区耕地生态经济系统资源环境负载指数(A₁)呈上升趋势,由2000年的0.9上升至2008年的1.573。在时间序列上,系统生产要素投入能值具有较强的稳定性,而初级生产力稳定性较弱。②研究区域耕地生态经济系统具有经济效益,集约化水平不断提高。但生产要素投入结构不合理,存在集约不经济现象,且生产要素投入结构差异性呈上升趋势。2008年土地集约度(B₁)为1.85×10¹⁶sej/hm²,不可更新资源与不可更新工业辅助能值投入比例达61.13%,比2000年均有明显增长。而产出投入能效指数(B₂)则呈现下降趋势,2008年为1.036 4,比2000年降低了15.90%。③2000-2008年农民人均能值占有量保持逐年增长,2008年已达1.08×10¹⁶ sej/人,比2000年增长了92.81%,这说明农民生活水平(C₁)越来越高。但从历年环比增长率分析,存在一定的不稳定性。2000-2008年间,研究区域耕地生态经济系统能值产出密度较不稳定,总体呈现倒V字型,2005年以来研究区域耕地生态经济系统能值产出密度呈缓慢下降趋势并趋稳发展,粮食安全压力较大。     

规划岸线影响下的电厂冷却水数值模拟

随着深圳南山区规划岸线的实施,将影响该海区潮流流态,给前湾燃机电厂的循环冷却水工程造成影响.针对这种情况,利用数值模拟对现状海域流场进行了验证计算,对规划岸线下的流场变化情况及电厂温排水的水力热力特性进行了模拟.在考虑取水温度、经济性、环保性的基础上,为环境评价提供了科学依据.     

中国典型滨海湿地转变为养殖塘对土壤细菌多样性及群落结构的影响

以我国黄河口碱蓬湿地、九龙江口桐花树湿地、东寨港木榄湿地为研究样地,借助高通量测序技术探究这3个典型滨海湿地转变为养殖塘前、后土壤细菌多样性及群落结构的变化.结果表明：①天然湿地转变为养殖塘后,土壤细菌群落多样性与丰富度均有所下降;②天然湿地转变为养殖塘未显著改变细菌门水平群落组成,湿地优势细菌门主要为变形菌门（Proteobacteria）、绿弯菌门（Chloroflexi）、拟杆菌门（Bacteroidetes）、酸杆菌门（Acidobacteria）、厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）;③天然湿地转变为养殖塘改变了土壤优势细菌属,九龙江口和东寨港湿地转变后,寡养单胞菌属（Stenotrophomonas）相对丰度均有所升高,东寨港湿地转变后土壤中假单胞菌属（Pseudomonas）相对丰度也有所增加,并新增了气单胞菌属（Aeromonas）;4环境因子对湿地土壤细菌相对丰度有显著影响,寡养单胞菌属（Stenotrophomonas）与含水量呈显著负相关（p<0.05）,与容重和pH呈显著正相关（p<0.01）;Sulfurimonas、Woeseia等细菌属与土壤容重呈显著负相关（p<0.01）.由此可见,湿地围垦养殖对土壤微环境产生了较大影响,养殖户在进行养殖作业时需格外注重生态环境的健康与可持续发展.     

青岛沿海地区夏季和冬季新粒子生成特征对比

利用宽范围粒径谱仪（WPS）和电迁移率粒径分析仪（SMPS）对青岛沿海地区夏、冬两季大气颗粒物数浓度和粒径谱分布进行了实时测量,同时结合无机和有机气态前体物、大气颗粒物化学组分、气象参数以及后向气流轨迹,对新粒子生成（NPF）特征进行了分析对比.结果表明,在夏季,NPF事件发生频率较低,为18%.夏季NPF事件发生时,大气颗粒物数浓度可增加1~4倍,新粒子表观生成速率和增长速率（除7月20日特殊事件）分别为（5.2±4.3）cm^-3·s^-1和（6.5±2.2）nm·h^-1,相关分析结果暗示生物源有机物（BVOCs）对新粒子生成有促进作用,人为源有机物（AVOCs）起抑制作用.冬季,NPF事件发生频率为27%,新粒子表观生成速率和增长速率分别为（3.3±3.1）cm^-3·s^-1和（5.3±3.3）nm·h^-1,大气颗粒物总数浓度在NPF天和非NPF天无显著差异.与夏季相反,相关分析结果暗示冬季人为源有机物（AVOCs）对新粒子生成有促进作用,而生物源有机物（BVOCs）与新粒子生成的关系不明显.此外,新粒子增长到CCN粒径范围（>50 nm）的增长特征呈现季节性差异：在夏季,新粒子生成后可在光化学作用下直接增长到CCN粒径范围,而在冬季,新粒子需经历两阶段增长,第二阶段增长中颗粒态硝酸铵的生成方可使新粒子增长至CCN粒径范围.