长江产业带开发区现状特点与发展前景

长江产业带开发区处于超常规发展期，以工业开发为主导，开发水平不断提高，地区之间发展不平衡。开发区总方向应坚持以工业、外贸、出口为主的方针，以浦东为龙头，发挥地区优势，加快发展外向型经济，推动长江产业带经济发展。开发区大体划分为六种类型：工业加工型、高新技术产业型、贸易型、工业港口型、综合型和度假型     

The continuing progress of the enterprise zone experiment: a note as to recent evidence

The latest evidence relating to the enterprise zone experiment in Britain is provided in a recent report published by the Department of the Environment. The note analyses this evidence to provide an indication of the scale of economic activity taking place within the zones. The note suggests that the simplified planning regime of the enterprise zones actually plays a relatively minor role in facilitating economic change and concludes that more detailed evidence is required in order to achieve a full understanding of the effects of enterprise zones.     

沿海城市自然灾害脆弱性评估研究进展

对于经济发达、人口密集,但自然灾害频发、易受损的沿海城市,自然灾害脆弱性评价研究具有重要的科学价值与现实意义。综述了该领域的国内外研究进展,对我国沿海城市所面临的自然灾害的高风险性提出了综合脆弱性评价理念。     

The Role of Ground Water in Generating Streamflow in Headwater Areas and in Maintaining Base Flow1

Abstract: The volume and sustainability of streamflow from headwaters to downstream reaches commonly depend on contributions from ground water. Streams that begin in extensive aquifers generally have a stable point of origin and substantial discharge in their headwaters. In contrast, streams that begin as discharge from rocks or sediments having low permeability have a point of origin that moves up and down the channel seasonally, have small incipient discharge, and commonly go dry. Nearly all streams need to have some contribution from ground water in order to provide reliable habitat for aquatic organisms. Natural processes and human activities can have a substantial effect on the flow of streams between their headwaters and downstream reaches. Streams lose water to ground water when and where their head is higher than the contiguous water table. Although very common in arid regions, loss of stream water to ground water also is relatively common in humid regions. Evaporation, as well as transpiration from riparian vegetation, causing ground‐water levels to decline also can cause loss of stream water. Human withdrawal of ground water commonly causes streamflow to decline, and in some regions has caused streams to cease flowing.     

Mixing Zone Characterization of Two Transition Terrain Streams With Tracers1

Abstract: For most wastewater discharges to streams, the effluent creates a plume that becomes less distinct as it mixes with the receiving water. Constant‐discharge tracer studies were used to characterize the plume or physical mixing zone (PMZ) at two similar transition terrain streams. At both sites, the laterally unmixed PMZs did not extend across the entire stream and mixing occurred relatively quickly. The observed plumes were significantly smaller than the regulatory mixing zone (RMZ) allowed by the State of Colorado. At Site 1 mixing occurred within a much shorter distance due to the presence of a riffle zone located a few meters downstream of the discharge point. Interpretation of field data with an analytical model suggests that the effective transverse dispersion coefficient (k_z) for the riffle zone at Site 1 (～1 m²/s) was significantly higher than the average value over the longer nonriffle section at Site 2 (～0.01 m²/s). These results imply that to achieve the fastest mixing in transition terrain streams, thereby minimizing the size of the PMZ, discharge outfalls should be located upstream and close to riffle zones.     

长江口及浙江近岸海域表层沉积物中多环芳烃分布、来源与风险评价

2013年对长江口及浙江近岸海域62个站位表层沉积物中多环芳烃(PAHs)进行了测定.结果表明,16种美国EPA优先控制的PAHs均有检出,PAHs总量水平(干重)为31.8~384μg·kg-1,平均含量为131.1μg·kg-1.其分布受到陆源输入和点源污染的影响,高值区域出现在长江口2号站位和宁波21号站位附近.与国内外其它海区相比,调查海域PAHs总体处于较低污染水平.调查海域沉积物中PAHs以4环、3环为主,来源分析显示PAHs主要来源于木柴、煤炭燃烧.利用沉积物质量基准法(SQGs)评价结果显示,调查海域表层沉积物中PAHs处于较低的生态风险水平;按照沉积物质量标准法(SQSs)评价结果表明,调查海域表层沉积物的PAHs污染已经具有一定程度的"显见生态负效应",需要采取相应的措施进行污染控制和削减.     

三峡库区典型农业小流域土壤溶解性有机质的紫外-可见及荧光特征

以三峡库区典型农业小流域土壤溶解性有机质(DOM)为研究对象,利用紫外-可见和荧光光谱,分析和讨论了不同土地利用类型(包括林地、田地、菜地和民用地)对土壤DOM地化特征的影响.结果表明,不同土地利用条件下DOM性质差异明显,以林地DOM的芳香性程度较高,腐殖化特征最强,其次为田地;尽管居民用地和菜地溶解性有机碳(DOC)含量高(均值分别为0.81 g·kg-1和0.89 g·kg-1),但是芳香化程度低,DOM中非生色组分对高DOC含量的贡献明显.所有样本荧光指数(FI)介于自生源特征(FI=1.9)和陆源特征(FI=1.4)之间,自生源(类蛋白组分)和异生源(类腐殖组分)对DOM均有贡献.大部分样本r(T/C)都大于2.0,说明该农业小流域土壤DOM受外来因素尤其是人类活动影响较大,尤以菜地为代表.另外,不同特征光谱参数对不同土地利用条件下DOM结构和性质差异性的灵敏程度不同,光谱斜率比值(SR)和腐殖化指数(HIX)不能反映DOM地化特征的差异性,因此单一光谱指标并不能全面提供DOM的特征信息,建议两种光谱分析方法联用.     

改进国标方法检测海岸带水体铁的研究

为了更加准确地检测海岸带水体中的铁含量,将邻菲啰啉分光光度法测定水质铁(国标法)的方法进行了改进.在邻菲啰啉分光光度法的基础上,在pH调节方式、比色皿皿差和显色剂三个方面进行改进.结果表明,改进后方法的线性、准确度和精密度都优于国标法.但改变pH调节方式和扣除比色皿皿差后检测低浓度铁的水样的精密度依然较差(RSD>5%),说明邻菲啰啉的灵敏度较低.以5-Br-PADAP为显色剂用分光光度法检测水样时,方法的准确度和精密度较好(RSD<5%,加标回收率在96.0%~106%之间),该方法可以用于海岸带水体中铁的检测.     

黄河对滨海湿地地表水可溶性盐的影响研究

对滨海湿地黄河周边地表水的可溶性盐分差异进行研究,结果表明:距离黄河越远,地表水pH越小,电导率越大;垂直河道地表水全盐含量为,黄河水<距河道5 Km农田附近地表水<距河道7 Km柽柳附近地表水<距河道8 Km碱蓬附近地表水,反映出黄河对周边的淡水补给.在雨季,地表水中HCO3-含量被稀释,使得pH高于旱季,而电导率、全盐含量小于旱季;阴离子中的氯离子以及阳离子中的钠离子含量较大、尤其是碱蓬群落附近的地表水,反映出植被对环境的适应与改善.     

黄河三角洲湿地生态保护红线区选划研究

滨海湿地具有非常重要的生态服务功能,针对其独特的地理区位和资源特征,划定区域湿地生态保护红线,对于生态红线制度的落实和滨海湿地开发利用管理具有重要意义.本研究以黄河三角洲湿地为例,基于陆海统筹原则,建立滨海湿地区域生态保护红线区选划评价指标体系,采用GIS空间分析方法实现对湿地生态服务功能重要性和生态环境敏感/脆弱性的评价,划定黄河三角洲湿地生态保护红线范围,并提出分级管控要求.