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121.
事故调查是安全生产工作中的重要环节,是对生产安全事故及时处理、发现问题的重要手段,其目的在于找出导致事故发生的可能原因,进而提出防止类似事故再次发生的对策措施。从法律依据、事故分级、事故调查程序、事故调查主体、调查组组成、事故调查期限、责任追究、事故调查经费来源、信息公开等方面开展了我国与欧盟的事故报告与事故调查处理对比分析,剖析了我国目前事故报告与调查处理的工作存在的一些问题,研究和借鉴了欧盟的一些先进理念和做法,并提出改进我国事故报告与调查处理的若干对策建议。 相似文献
122.
安全生产标准化评审是根据一定的安全生产标准化评审目标和标准,通过系统地收集信息和科学分析,对企业安全生产标准化工作做出价值判断的过程。为了科学评估评审偏差和统一评审尺度,基于信效度理论,提出在评审单位和评审组织单位进行安全生产标准化元评估时,应用评审者信度和效标关联效度,研究安全生产标准化评审的可靠程度和有效程度;并以危险化学品从业单位安全生产标准化评审为例,从信效度的分析方法选择、信效度的计算和信效度的可接受度,全面探究信效度在安全生产标准化元评估中的实现方式。结果表明,应用信效度方法分析安全生产标准化评审的优势和不足,可以为安全生产标准化评审结果的客观评价提供依据。 相似文献
123.
裴文田 《中国安全生产科学技术》2017,13(11):176-180
为进一步提高经济新常态下我国非煤矿山安全生产监督管理水平,结合我国安全生产特有的经济属性和社会属性,分析了当前经济发展新常态下安全生产所面临的形势和机遇,查找分析了我国非煤矿山领域安全生产监督管理工作中存在的主要问题及其原因,从提高安全生产准入条件、强化安全执法、鼓励非煤矿山科技创新等方面提出了经济新常态下加强非煤矿山安全生产监督管理的对策措施,以期降低非煤矿山生产安全事故总量,减少人员伤亡,促进我国安全生产监督管理水平的整体提升。 相似文献
124.
为了研究应急物资的实物储备与协议企业生产能力储备相结合的储备模式协调性,降低企业自身应对突发生产安全事故的物资储备成本,建立多情景生产安全事故下的企业应急物资实物储备场所和协议储备企业选址的协调优化模型,利用Lingo软件进行求解,并以石油储罐火灾的应急物资储备为背景设计算例,验证相关模型及方法的有效性。结果表明:提出的企业应急物资储备体系,能够在降低应急物资储备成本的同时,保持日常应急救灾能力。 相似文献
125.
Joanna Bugajska Elżbieta Łastowiecka 《International journal of occupational safety and ergonomics》2013,19(3):231-240
This study was to determine the main health-related reasons, age and occupation of those who took ear retirement due to total work inability. This was done through an analysis of the data from Poland’s Soci Insurance Institution (ZUS) from 2000 and 2001. An analysis of these data showed an increase in the numb of certificates confirming total inability to work in people over 40 years old. Over 50% of certificates wo, were issued to workers in 2 age-groups: 45–49 and 50–54.Diseases of the circulatory system, musculoskeletal system and connective tissue as well as mental and behavioural disorders are the main causes of early inability to work. Approximately 70% of people who obtained certificates confirming total inability to work had blue- and blue-and-white-collar jobs. 相似文献
126.
Peter Vink Mathilde Miedema Ernst Koningsveld Henk van der Molen 《International journal of occupational safety and ergonomics》2013,19(1):71-82
Bricklaying is a physically demanding job. Bricklayers frequently flex their trunk to pick up bricks and mortar and position these in a wall. The experienced workload is highest working with bricks at 0 to 50 cm from the floor. In this study the effects of 2 devices that have proven to be feasible in practice are evaluated.The 50 cm raise due to the 2 devices is experienced as comfortable, the estimated lumbar compression force was reduced, and observations indicate likewise. It is discussed that the field experiments have many drawbacks. Nevertheless, based on this study in combination with other literature the improvements could be recommended. 相似文献
127.
Lina Giedraityte Ingvar Holmér 《International journal of occupational safety and ergonomics》2013,19(2):135-148
The aim of this study was to validate the Edholm scale (Edholm, 1966) and the ISO 8996 standard (International Organization for Standardization [ISO], 1990) by comparing the metabolic rates estimated for both methods with the actual measured metabolic rate (MMeas) in 6 manual material handling tasks simulated under laboratory conditions. The metabolic rate was calculated from oxygen consumption VO2 (19 participants) according to Standard No. ISO 8996 (ISO, 1990). Additionally, the participants estimated perceived exertion using the Borg scale. The metabolic rates derived from the Edholm scale (MEdh) overestimated 5 of 6 activities by 34-50% (α = .05). The metabolic rates derived from ISO 8996 (MISO) overestimated all activities by 7-38% (α =.05). 相似文献
128.
Integrated Estimation of the Effect of Physical Factors on Human Functional State During Mental Work
German A. Suvorov Ralemma F. Afanasieva Nataliya S. Mikhailova Migran A. Babayan Alexander F. Bobrov 《International journal of occupational safety and ergonomics》2013,19(2):149-161
The purpose of this study was to develop a model for an integrated estimation of the functional state of the human organism (FSHO) and an integral estimation of physical factors (PF) for hygienic rating. Tests were performed twice with 3 men in 0.7-clo clothing during 4-hr mental work with 9 combinations of 4 PF: wideband noise (55–83 dB(A)), whole-body vibration (6 Hz, az = 0.2–1.8 ms?2), air temperature (18–30 °C), and illumination (1, 3, 5 lx). Thermoregulatory, cardiovascular, and psychophysiological reactions and temporary threshold of hearing (TTS2) shifts were studied. For the integral estimation of PF influence on FSHO the model F(y1, y2, ... ym) = f(x1, x2, ... xn) was used, relating both FSHO and PF sets. The most important physiological parameters in creating FSHO are defined and the contribution of individual parameters of FSHO and PF is found. 相似文献
129.
Roman Cieślak Maria Widerszal-Bazyl Aleksandra Łuszczyńska-Cieślak 《International journal of occupational safety and ergonomics》2013,19(2):257-292
The study concerns the moderating role of two variables—hardiness and social support—in the relation between job stressors and well-being. It was checked if there is a connection between hardiness and social support, and if these variables are directly related to the level of well-being. It was also hypothesized that hardiness and social support buffer the negative influence of stressors on well-being. The fact that social support and well-being are multidimensional variables was taken into account.The cross-sectional study was conducted on a group of 200 women employed as office workers. The results showed that hardiness correlates with the indexes of emotional support as well as practical support coming from supervisors. The connection, however, was not strong. Hardiness and social support were directly connected with the level of well-being. Interaction of these two independent variables played a marginal role. As far as the buffering role of these variables was concerned, the results have shown that hardiness did not play a buffering role and social support did to a limited degree only.The results of the study proved that it is justifiable to treat social support and well-being as multidimensional variables. 相似文献
130.
Bengt Knave Richard Ennals 《International journal of occupational safety and ergonomics》2013,19(4):435-448
The article reflects on the changing world of work, and the challenges presented to both occupational health and occupational health education. We draw on the 63 preparatory workshops and the international conference in the “Work Life 2000: Quality in Work” program, an initiative of the Swedish Presidency of the European Union. The International Commission on Occupational Health is introduced, with particular concentration on a current practical project initiated by the Department of Health in South Africa, intended to lead to a set of projects, networking for occupational health education in developing countries. The practical initiatives cast light on a new set of issues that arise when occupational health and safety crosses cultural barriers, and previously separate comparative cases are linked. 相似文献