超声波、电场和光催化协同降解有机污染物的研究现状

以自由基反应为主的高级氧化工艺是处理有机污染物的新型技术,具有良好的拓展和应用环境。超声氧化、电化学氧化工艺和紫外光催化工艺都属于高级氧化工艺,许多研究者发现单独使用这些工艺降解有机污染物效果不够理想,更有效的方法是联合使用。本文系统地介绍了超声波和光催化、光催化和电场、超声波和电场协同降解有机污染物的机理和研究现状。     

光催化与生物技术联用工艺处理油漆废气中试研究

光催化与生物技术联用工艺用于油漆生产、加工过程有机废气的现场处理,中试实验结果表明:油漆生产、加工过程现场的主要污染物是甲苯、乙苯、间/对二甲苯和邻二甲苯等苯系物,浓度在27～55 mg/m3之间。单独使用光催化和微生物技术现场处理这些苯系物,其去除效率都不很高。虽然在中试开始阶段光催化对苯系物的平均去除效率达到了86.2%,在中试稳定期,光催化技术对苯系物的平均去除效率却只有67.6%,而生物滴滤床在成功挂膜之后对现场有机废气的平均去除效率也仅为67.5%。但是将这两种工艺联合使用之后,在中试稳定期该组合工艺对苯系物的平均去除效率可以达到99.2%。     

EM菌与化学絮凝剂复配实验研究

通过实验考查EM复壮液分别与无机高分子絮凝剂PAC、PFS复配使用处理高岭土悬浊液絮凝条件和絮凝效果。实验结果表明:EM复壮液与化学絮凝剂复配以后的适用条件为弱酸弱碱性环境。最佳复配比分别为VPAC∶VEM=0.6mL∶2 mL或VPFS∶VEM=1.0 mL∶3.0 mL,前者的絮凝率为91.2%,优于后者的87.6%。同时降低了处理后水中的金属残余量以及絮凝剂的总投加量,降低污水处理的成本,提高了水质。     

新型G系列高低温交变湿热试验箱

本文介绍国内最新研发的新一代的环境试验设备。用于航空、航天、信息、电子、仪器仪表等行业作电工电子产品、材料、零部件、设备的高低温试验及湿热试验。     

臭氧-生物活性炭工艺对饮用水中邻苯二甲酸酯类的去除中试研究

以嘉陵江源水的自来水厂滤后水为研究对象,在中试规模上研究了臭氧-生物活性炭工艺对饮用水中微量邻苯二甲酸酯（又称为酞酸酯,phthalate esters,PAEs）的去除效果。选择邻苯二甲酸二甲酯（DMP）、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯（DBP）、邻苯二甲酸二（2-乙基己基）酯（DEHP）、邻苯二甲酸二辛酯（DOP）为目标物质。研...     

平皿计数法测定细菌总数的不确定度评定

根据细菌总数的测定方法,分析了该方法测量不确定度的来源,评定了水中细菌总数的测量不确定度。     

Enzymatic oxidation of aqueous pentachlorophenol

The influence of the nonionic surfactant Tween 80 on pentachlorophenol （PCP） oxidation catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase was studied. The surfactant was tested at concentrations below and above its critical micelle concentration （CMC）. Enhancement of PCP removal was observed at sub-CMCs. The presence of Tween 80 in the reaction mixture reduced enzyme inactivation which occurred through a combination of free radical attack and sorption by precipitated products. A simple first-order model was able to simulate time profiles for enzyme inactivation in the presence or absence of Tween 80. At supra-CMCs, the surfactant caused noticeable reductions in PCP removal, presumably through micelle partitioning of PCP which precluded the hydrophobic PCP molecule from interacting with the enzyme.     

EDTA-enhanced phytoremediation of lead contaminated soil by Bidens maximowicziana

Phytoremediation is a potential cleanup technology for the removal of heavy metals from contaminated soils.Bidens maximowicziana is a new Pb hyperaccumulator,which not only has remarkable tolerance to Pb but also extraordinary accumulation capacity for Pb.The maximum Pb concentration was 1509.3 mg/kg in roots and 2164.7 mg/kg in overground tissues.The Pb distribution order in the B. maximowicziana was:leaf>stem>root.The effect of amendments on phytoremediation was also studied.The mobility of soil Pb and the Pb concentrations in plants were both increased by EDTA application.Compared with CK(control check),EDTA application promoted translocation of Pb to overground parts of the plant.The Pb concentrations in overground parts of plants was increased from 24.23-680.56 mg/kg to 29.07-1905.57 mg/kg.This research demonstrated that B.maximowicziana appeared to be suitable for phytoremediation of Pb contaminated soil,especially,combination with EDTA.     

三峡库区植物篱坡地农业技术提高土地生产潜力的研究

寻求一条有效防治水土流失 ,提高土地生产潜力、防止水库淤积的坡地利用改良途径 ,是三峡库区环境、资源、研究人员和经济建设者努力的方向。采用坡地植物篱农业技术 ,则是实现上述目标的有效途径。中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所在秭归县的试验表明 ,7a的植物篱 ,篱坎高度几乎都在 90cm以上 ,坡度从 3 0°～ 3 4°减缓至 15°～ 18° ,表层土壤有机质含量从 0 .9%增至 1.61%以上 ,篱间脐橙的产量高于同类石坎梯田脐橙产量约 2 0 %以上 ,高于旱坡地上的脐橙产量约 2 5 %以上 ,达到完全防治土壤侵蚀 ,提高土壤肥力 ,增加农业产量目的 ,是三峡库区值得推广的一项农业技术体系     

A risk-estimation methodological framework using quantitative assessment techniques and real accidents’ data: Application in an aluminum extrusion industry

The risk estimation presumably is the most crucial part of the entire procedure of assessing hazards/unsafe situations in the work, and especially in the industries’ and constructions’ worksites, where the working conditions are unstable. We can consider the risk as a quantity, which can be estimated and expressed by a mathematical relation, under the help of real accidents’ data. The aim of this work is quadruplicate: (a) the development, elaboration and explanation of two new quantitative risk-assessment techniques, (b) the improvement of specific points of other scientific works, as far as concerns quantitative risk estimation, (c) the application of these techniques on an industrial productive procedure (as a case study) and (d) the comparison of their outcome risk-estimation results. Particularly, we develop and analyze the theoretical background of the two techniques, which we call as “proportional technique” and “decision matrix technique”, and apply them on an aluminum extrusion industry's worksite, which is situated in Greece, by using real data of potential sources of hazards, recorded by safety managers, during the 5.5-year time period of 1999–2004. Comparing the results of the two quantitative risk-assessment techniques, we infer that they are compatible. Therefore, the most important hazard source in the aluminum industry is the “squeezing and hits by dropping objects (transported by derricks)”, and imposes that immediate suppressive measures must be taken place to abolish the danger source.