Institutional reform in the Andean irrigation sector: Enabling policies for strengthening local rights and water management

For centuries, local and indigenous water rights and rules in the Andean region have been largely neglected and discriminated against. The process of undermining local communities’ water access and control rights continues up to today and not only is it headed by powerful local, national and international water‐use actors encroaching local rights — it is also a direct consequence of vertical State law and intervention practices, and the latest privatization policies. Recognition of and security for the diverse and dynamic local rights and management frameworks is crucial for improving rural livelihoods and even national food security in Andean countries. At the request of the Government of Ecuador — in which at that time the indigenous movement had its political participation — a research mission was organized to formulate a proposal for institutional reform, aiming at the strengthening of the national irrigation sector. In this article, some basic mission results are outlined and analyzed within the scope of four concepts (institutional viability, political democracy, equity, and water rights security), and practical elements for institutional reform are suggested, not only for the Ecuadorian irrigation sector but also other settings. The complementary roles of central Government, local governments and water user organizations in water resources management are emphasized as is the need to strengthen enabling legal and policy frameworks. The importance of translating constitutional recognition of local and indigenous rights and common property systems into practical procedures and institutional structures is also stressed.     

浅析高职数学教学与数学实验

针对高职数学教学中存在的数学应用性教学不够重视的现象,提出改革传统的数学课堂教学模式,实施数学课堂部分与计算机数学实验课相结合的模式,提高学生用数学知识解决实际问题的能力.     

Natural resources and 'gradual' reform in Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan

Among low‐income transition reformers, natural resource rents are an important initial condition that helps explain choice of reform strategy. Resource‐rich Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan and resource‐poor China and Vietnam all claim to pursue gradual reform, but their strategies differ. In China and Vietnam, low resource rents have nurtured developmental political conditions and encouraged efficient resource use, which initially promoted agriculture as a dynamic market sector, capable of absorbing labour from the lagging state sector. In contrast, the scale and ease of natural resource rent extraction in the Central Asian countries has consolidated authoritarian governments that postpone reform. Despite high energy rents, Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan still extract agricultural rents in ways that repress farm incentives, perpetuate environmental degradation and liquidate irrigation assets. Uzbekistan uses its rents to subsidize a manufacturing sector, that is neither dynamic nor competitive. As its dynamic sector, Turkmenistan promotes natural gas exports that depend on volatile markets. Resource‐driven development models suggest that reform is required in both countries to avert a growth collapse. Turkmenistan's large energy rent‐stream may postpone a collapse for some years, but Uzbekistan's position is already precarious: it has run down its rural infrastructure and accumulated sizeable foreign debts and will require external assistance to recover from a growth collapse. Such assistance should be made conditional on accelerated economic and political reform.     

在城市水体恢复与水环境建设中应运用市场机制

文章论述了要吸引众多的企业参与城市水体恢复与水环境建设，必须为企业营造一定的利润空间，并通过着力形成环保项目的造血机制和建立长效管理模式来完成。     

温州市农业区域开发总体构想

本文分析评价了温州市农业资源，农业开发条件与潜力，提出了农业区域开发的指导思想，总体目标与主要任务，确定了农业商品生产基地，划分了农业开发区，阐述了农业区域开发的对策与措施。     

发电集团安全管理实践与探索

电力体制改革后,在原来发电企业基础上新组建的各发电集团资产多样、地域广泛,组织结构复杂,企业的安全管理难度也大大增加。探索适当的安全管理方法,抓好企业安全管理工作,是发电集团普遍面临的重要问题。该文在对中国国电集团公司安全管理现状分析的基础上,提出了构建安全信息网络、规范安全管理、建设安监队伍、建设企业安全文化、建立监查机制、建立安全性评价机制和引入NOSA安健环管理系统等安全管理对策与措施。根据集团公司当前的安全状况,探讨了公司未来安全管理模式。     

高校考试与创新能力的培养

考试是高校检测学生学习情况的重要手段，但当前这种手段走入了误区，我们需要反思，我们需要明确教育的终极目标是学生创新能力的培养。只有通过改变旧的观念，进行考试的改革，我们才能达到考试与创新能力培养完美地结合。     

关于《环境土建工程》教学改革的探讨

《环境土建工程》是研究环境工程土建施工方法的一门综合性、实践性很强的学科。它是为环境工程专业高职生开设的一门重要的专业基础课。以往这门课程的教学形式较为传统,不适应当今高职教育形式之处很多。因而,改变单一的课堂教学方式,多种教学手段相结合;改革考核、考试办法,培养学生的学习能力;勤于实践总结,不断发现问题,培养创新能力。     

数学课程改革如何适应职业教育发展的要求

职业教育的根本任务就是根据经济和社会发展的要求,培养多层次、多样化的技能型人才.职业教育的改革与发展,是树立和落实科学发展观的必然要求.职业教育的课程改革方向应该以职业能力为着眼点.职业教育中的数学课程应按照新的职业能力的要求进行课程结构和教学模式的改革,进行教学方法手段的创新.     

变更管理在化工和石化行业的应用

介绍了国际上对变更管理相关应用的规定,总结了化工和石化行业变更管理的应用要求、类型,重点介绍了变更管理程序的执行,列举了变更程序表的实例,为做好化工和石化行业变更管理提供借鉴。