论我国矿业环境保护法律制度

环境保护是矿区生态协调稳定和资源可持续利用的重要保证。由于矿山环境问题十分严重,且现行的矿业环境法律体制不健全,产权不明晰,法律制度不完善,使法难以有效实施。对此,本文提出应确立良好的产权制度,严格矿业权许可,强化市场在环境保护中的作用,加强行政引导和调控机制,完善相关的法律制度。     

混凝土中钢筋锈蚀的研究

钢筋腐蚀对混凝土耐久性和安全性有很大影响。笔者阐述了研究钢筋锈蚀的原因、目的和意义;研究了钢筋在未开裂和裂缝状态下的锈蚀机理,钢筋的腐蚀过程实质上是一个电化学反应过程;影响钢筋锈蚀的主要因素有混凝土的密实度、混凝土碳化、环境湿度、氯离子侵入等;对钢筋腐蚀过程中的4个阶段进行了研究;从锈后钢筋截面面积损失率对结构受力的影响进行讨论;从正常使用寿命和承载能力使用寿命两方面对在役混凝土结构剩余寿命进行预测;并提出了钢筋锈蚀应采取的预防措施,以提高结构的耐久性和安全性,减少耐久性破坏造成的损失。研究的成果在工程上具有一定的理论意义和实用价值。     

梁桥钢筋混凝土叠合桥墩延性抗震性能研究

在桥墩抗震设计应用了叠合结构思想 ,分析了叠合桥墩受力原理与特性 ,在此基础上研究了叠合桥墩的延性计算方法。结合梁式桥算例 ,分别沿桥梁纵向、横向和三维输入实震记录进行计算 ,与普通桥墩计算进行对比 ,说明了叠合桥墩延性抗震性能的优越性 ,对其在桥墩上的应用作了初步研究     

我国自然资源市场体系的建立与发展

文章以“东阳卖水—义鸟买水”这起全国首例水权交易的案例说明，必须清晰地界定自然资源的产权，同时减少有关自然资源交易过程中的费用，以尽快建立自然资源市场体系，发挥市场在配置自然资源方面的基础性作用。     

论我国公共资源安全问题

介绍了公共资源及公共资源安全的概念,探讨了公共资源的安全问题与中国经济和社会发展的关系.结合6个具体案例分析了中国现有的公共资源安全问题.给出公共资源安全的风险管理的概念和评价方法,并以此为基础,提出6条保证公共资源安全的对策.     

导线覆冰大跨越输电塔-线体系动力特性分析

大跨越输电塔-线体系对导线覆冰等环境荷载反应敏感,容易发生动态倒塌破坏。目前对线路覆冰下输电塔的振动问题虽然取得了一定的研究成果,但是线路覆冰下输电塔的动力特性规律尚需进一步研究。本文以实际工程为例,建立了大跨越输电塔-线体系数值分析模型,分析了导线划分精度对输电塔-线体系动力特性的影响,并在此基础上分析了导线覆冰对输电塔-线体系动力特性的影响。研究结果表明:导线划分精度对输电塔振动影响较大;导线覆冰不仅影响输电塔振动频率,而且对输电塔振型也有较大影响,尤其是对输电塔横担的振动影响更大。     

煤巷顶板围岩结构承载能力弱化分析

为了揭示煤巷顶板围岩承载能力的弱化机理,结合已有的研究成果,建立巷道顶板三向承载梁结构承载弹塑流弱化分析模型,确定三向承载梁结构承载状态的分析方法,提出用围岩塑性区深度、宽度、长度作为评价巷道围岩承载的弱化分析指标,研究围岩性质、支护强度、采动应用等诱导因子对煤巷顶板结构承载能力弱化分析指标的影响规律。研究结果表明:随着围岩强度的提高、支护强度的增加、扰动应力的减小,弱化分析指标呈似线性减小的变化规律,且减幅由大到小排序为塑性区长度Sy,宽度Sx和深度Sz,同时提高围岩强度、支护强度,减小采动作用应力,煤巷顶板弱化分析指标的减小程度显著高于单因子的改善。     

What’s missing from Ostrom? Combining design principles with the theory of sociocultural viability

Since 1990, Elinor Ostrom’s design principles for common property resource (CPR) institutions have been highly influential, offering a counter to pessimistic arguments about resource users’ prospects of cooperating to manage CPRs sustainably. However, the theoretical underpinnings of Ostrom’s theory have been criticised: as unfairly negative towards macro-level interventions; as utilising an overly narrow conceptualisation of rationality; and under appreciative of the role of power. These criticisms are examined using insights drawn from the theory of sociocultural viability (cultural theory, for short), a theory of plural rationality related to context. Utilising the case of Faroese whaling, the research aim is to assess the extent that cultural theory ameliorates criticisms laid at Ostrom’s design principles. It finds that Ostrom’s research trajectory was reaching the limits of methodological individualism’s ability to grasp rational behaviour and suggests the design principles may in effect be integrated with cultural theory.     

Polyoxometalates for photocatalytic degradation of aqueous dyestuff solutions and quantitative structure–property relationship study on photolysis rate constants

Polyoxometalate, K₆TiW₁₁O₃₉Sn·7H₂O (TiW₁₁Sn), was synthesized and characterized. TiW₁₁Sn and K₆ZrW₁₁O₃₉Sn·12H₂O (ZrW₁₁Sn) were evaluated for their photocatalytic degradation of triarylmethane (brilliant green and acid blue 9), bisazo (C.I. reactive black 5), and monoazo dyestuffs (C.I. reactive red 24, C.I. reactive red 194, and C.I. reactive orange 5) with natural sunlight in homogeneous aqueous solutions. TiW₁₁Sn and ZrW₁₁Sn effectively and photocatalytically decolorized the dyestuffs. The TiW₁₁Sn- and ZrW₁₁Sn-mediated photocatalytic degradation of the dyestuffs involved a pseudo-first-order reaction and was modeled by Langmuir–Hinshelwood-type kinetics. The observed pseudo-first-order rate constants (K^/) of triarylmethane dyestuffs were generally bigger than that of the azo dyestuffs. Quantitative structure–property relationship models of the K^/ of the dyestuffs were developed using partial least-square regression. The cumulative variance of the dependent variable explained by the partial least-square components was > 0.753 for each optimal model. This value indicated that the model had good predictive ability and robustness. The K^/ values of the dyestuffs were related to the energy of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital, and the most positive net atomic charges on a sulfur atom of dyestuffs. The linear correlation coefficients between the predicted and experimental values were all > 0.9950.     

生态文明产权制度的界定、分类及框架研究

生态文明产权制度是生态文明制度体系建设的根基。生态文明产权制度可划分为自然资源产权制度、环境资源产权制度和气候资源产权制度三大类别。自然资源产权制度包含水权、林权、矿权、渔权和能权,环境资源产权制度包含排污权和生态权,气候资源产权制度包含碳排污权和碳汇。在大国责任的国际背景下,生态文明产权可用总量控制是硬性约束,必须以自然、环境和气候资源的产权总量控制为前提,确保全国总体生态水平在可预见的时间达到可控制的范围之内。有效地推进自然、环境和气候资源的初始产权界定,运用生态文明产权价格机制促进生态文明产权交易,并运用生态文明产权保护制度确保初始产权界定、产权交易机制和产权价格机制的顺利推进和开展。形成以产权总量控制为前提,以初始产权的界定和分配为基础,以产权交易机制为手段,以产权价格机制为核心,以产权保护制度为保障生态文明产权制度框架。