European Union agricultural policy scenarios' impacts on social sustainability of agricultural holdings

This paper aims to assess the impacts of household behaviour on social sustainability by simulating agricultural policy scenarios of the European Union (EU) Common Agricultural Policy (CAP). For this purpose a multicriteria model was formulated, at farm household level, in order to study the social impacts of the CAPs using different scenarios. The scenarios were chosen on the basis of the main EU policies affecting farm households, such as the alternative crops scenario, the Water Framework Directive scenario and the agrienvironmental schemes scenario. The data for this analysis resulted from the CAP-IRE project, a European FP7-funded project. The model includes a utility function with several conflicting criteria such as maximization of gross margin and risk and labour minimization. The model is further used to simulate the impacts on social sustainability by estimating main social indicators. The model is applied in two different farm types in Greece. The results show that the CAP scenarios have multiple social impacts on agricultural holdings, and particularly on the farm labour structure. These impacts have negative effect on social sustainability.     

改性活性炭吸附饮用水中三氯硝基甲烷的研究

为提高活性炭对三氯硝基甲烷(TCNM)的去除效率,采用NaOH对颗粒活性炭(GAC)进行改性.分别采用比表面积孔径分布测定仪、扫描电镜、傅里叶红外变换光谱等仪器及Boehm官能团滴定法,对改性前后活性炭的表面理化性质进行表征.并在不同反应条件下,考察活性炭改性前后吸附饮用水中TCNM的效果.结果表明:对于10μg/L的TCNM溶液,吸附剂投加量为0.3g/L时,NaOH-GAC的吸附去除率为87%,是GAC的1.71倍.吸附剂对TCNM的吸附过程大致分为快速阶段、慢速阶段和动态平衡阶段.GAC吸附TCNM溶液的吸附平衡时间为36h, NaOH-GAC吸附TCNM溶液的吸附平衡时间为6h.GAC和NaOH-GAC吸附TCNM的快速吸附阶段均符合一级反应动力学规律.     

徐庄煤矿主要通风机性能测定及分析研究

系统介绍矿井主要通风机的测试过程及相关方法,并以徐庄煤矿的风机测定为例,应用合理的测试及计算方法,进行相关参数的计算并绘制风机性能曲线图;同时,对主通风机出厂曲线和风机初始安装性能曲线进行对比,得出徐庄煤矿主要通风机的运行变化规律,为保证其安全高效运行和风量调节提供可靠的理论依据。对测定结果进行总结、对比和分析的同时,还提出应注意的问题。     

火灾直接财产损失评估移动终端系统软件结构设计

介绍了一种基于嵌入式PDA设备的专业系统＂火灾直接财产损失评估移动终端系统＂的软件结构设计过程。该软件以公安部发布的公共安全行业标准《火灾直接财产损失统计方法》GA185—1998为计算依据,解决了嵌入式PDA设备的软件开发和编制问题,可用于房屋建筑、设备及其他财产和文物建筑的火灾损失计算和统计,并可生成数据文件,用于与之相匹配的＂火灾直接财产损失评估PC系统＂中进行统计和汇总,可随时随地地在火灾现场方便地进行直接财产损失计算和统计,能给消防工作人员带来很大便利。     

叠层橡胶支座串联隔震体系抗火性能研究

对叠层橡胶隔震支座在高温作用下的温度场进行数值模拟,利用小模型试件进行温度传导及温度场分布试验。在叠层橡胶隔震支座经历420℃的高温作用后,将隔震支座模型试件与钢筋混凝土柱串联,并对串联隔震体系的力学性能进行压剪往复试验。结果表明,叠层橡胶隔震支座在高温作用下的性能退化相当明显,承载状态下的橡胶隔震支座在稍高的温度作用下就开始发生畸变。这表明在实际工程中对叠层橡胶隔震支座采取防火保护措施对保证隔震结构承载力安全非常重要。     

资源开发利用与可持续发展的关系

在可持续发展思想的基础上 ,讨论了公开性与共同性原则 ,论述了在资源开发利用过程中公开性、共同性与可持续发展的关系 ,并提出了开发措施。     

Investigation of hydrogen generation from municipal solid waste incineration fly ash

Hydrogen generation from municipal solid waste incineration fly ash was investigated to understand the influences of contacting method, kinds of contact solution, liquid to solid ratio, and particle size distribution of materials. Redox properties of materials and hydrogen generation were also studied. The largest quantity of gas generated in contact with water was 29.1 ml/g-ash, most of which was hydrogen. Fluidized bed fly ash generated more gas than stoker fly ash. In order to calculate the hydrogen generation potential (the maximum quantity of gas generated in contact with water), a novel system using a Y-shaped test tube and NaOH was utilized. This method gives values which are related to the quantity of generated gas in contact with water. A relationship between the aluminum content and hydrogen generation potential was observed, especially for fluidized bed fly ash. The reducing potential of fluidized bed fly ash was higher than that of stoker fly ash. Only fluidized bed fly ash showed a positive correlation between aluminum content and reducing potential, and between reducing potential and hydrogen generation potential. These results suggest that fluidized bed fly ash contains more Al⁰ than stoker fly ash. Received: September 11, 1998 / Accepted: March 19, 1999     

高密度聚乙烯防渗材料的抗老化性能研究

对我国大陆首次研制成功的高密度聚乙烯（ＨＤＰＥ）防渗材料在浸泡条件下的抗化学老化性能进行了系统测试,并与美国产品进行了比较。结果表明：在氢氧化钠溶液、１６．７％硝酸、３３．３％硝酸和三氯乙烯４种溶液中长期浸泡后,国产产品抗化学老化性能指标分别为０．７７５、２．８、３．１５和３．１５,已经全面达到国际水平。     

新型高效絮凝剂生物聚合硫酸铁的制备及性能研究

利用恒化器原理和SBR技术 ,以FeSO4为原料 ,用经过驯化培养的微生物为催化剂 ,在常温常压下用空气氧化 ,连续生产或序批式生产生物聚合铁 ,产品性能稳定 ,投资少 ,设备简单 ,操作方便 ,无污染 ,可实现清洁生产 ,生产成本极低。试验证明 :生物聚合铁性能优良 ,除浊、除有机物性能好 ,对pH适应范围宽 ,对水温不敏感 ,对低温、低浊水有很好的处理效果 ,凝聚作用显著 ,处理效果明显优于普通聚合铁 ,是一种新型高效絮凝剂。     

活性炭性质对固定化生物活性炭净水效果的影响研究

对不同种类活性炭进行优势菌种人工固定化,通过相关性分析,研究了活性炭的性能指标对固定化生物活性炭(IBAC)净水效果的影响作用.结果表明:相关系数在0.7以上的活性炭性能指标为糖蜜值、摩擦系数、强度、单宁酸值、平均粒径、有效粒径、均匀系数,相关系数在0.5以上的活性炭性能指标为pH值、碘值、丁烷值、四氯化碳值.进一步的偏相关分析结果表明:对生物炭净水效果影响较大的性能指标为糖蜜值、强度、摩擦系数、均匀系数、平均粒径、有效粒径.产生这种影响的主要原因是以糖蜜值为代表的活性炭孔隙分布,为优势菌种提供栖息场所和调节食物供给;强度和摩擦系数代表了活性炭的耐破损能力,影响优势菌种生物膜的稳定性;活性炭的粒径大小和粒度分布均匀性,直接影响滤床水力剪切力,从而影响优势菌的固定稳定性.