TFT-LCD制造企业节能减排管理模式研究

节能减排是企业可持续发展的重要保障.TFT-LCD制造企业以合肥某光电科技有限公司第8.5代TFT-LCD项目为例,通过强化组织、领导,加强节能宣传和培训,提高节能减排意识,通过建立健全节能减排管理体系,从能源计量、节能奖惩、加强重点能源消耗管控等方面完善体制,层层剖析节能减排管理,使节能减排工作见到实效.     

水热法制备玉米叶基生物炭对亚甲基蓝的吸附性能研究

以农业废弃物玉米叶和玉米秆为原材料,采用水热法制备生物炭,通过批试验方法考察了接触时间、污染物初始浓度、生物炭投加量、反应体系温度及溶液p H值等因素对2种生物炭吸附亚甲基蓝的影响,并对吸附规律进行了探讨.吸附动力学拟合结果发现,准二级动力学能更好地拟合吸附过程(R~2=0.9986~0.9999);颗粒内扩散方程拟合结果表明,2种生物炭对亚甲基蓝的吸附由液膜扩散和颗粒内扩散2个过程控制.玉米叶基生物炭对亚甲基蓝的吸附可以通过Freundlich方程来进行拟合(R~2=0.9898),说明吸附在生物炭表面是多分子层吸附过程;而玉米杆基生物炭对亚甲基蓝的吸附更符合Langmuir方程(R~2=0.9825),说明吸附在生物炭表面是单分子层吸附过程.与玉米杆基生物炭相比,玉米叶基生物炭具有更好的吸附性能,拟合理论最大吸附量为玉米杆基生物炭的1.25倍.     

预应力管桩的工作机理及其在基坑支护中的应用

分析了预应力管桩受力破坏的机理和单桩承载力提高的原因,以及预应力管桩作为基坑支护桩的受力特性,并以武汉南国置业有限公司高层公寓综合楼为工程实例,进一步阐明采用预应力管桩作为基坑竖向加固桩,具有明显的经济效益。     

Scenario-based assessment and multi-objective optimization of urban development plan with carrying capacity of water system

• Impact of urban development on water system is assessed with carrying capacity. • Impacts on both water resource quantity and environmental quality are involved. • Multi-objective optimization revealing system trade-off facilitate the regulation. • Efficiency, scale and structure of urban development are regulated in two stages. • A roadmap approaching more sustainable development is provided for the case city. Environmental impact assessments and subsequent regulation measures of urban development plans are critical to human progress toward sustainability, since these plans set the scale and structure targets of future socioeconomic development. A three-step methodology for assessing and optimizing an urban development plan focusing on its impacts on the water system was developed. The methodology first predicted the pressure on the water system caused by implementation of the plan under distinct scenarios, then compared the pressure with the carrying capacity threshold to verify the system status; finally, a multi-objective optimization method was used to propose regulation solutions. The methodology enabled evaluation of the water system carrying state, taking socioeconomic development uncertainties into account, and multiple sets of improvement measures under different decisionmaker preferences were generated. The methodology was applied in the case of Zhoushan city in South-east China. The assessment results showed that overloading problems occurred in 11 out of the 13 zones in Zhoushan, with the potential pressure varying from 1.1 to 18.3 times the carrying capacity. As a basic regulation measure, an environmental efficiency upgrade could relieve the overloading in 4 zones and reduce 9%‒63% of the pressure. The optimization of industrial development showed that the pressure could be controlled under the carrying capacity threshold if the planned scale was reduced by 24% and the industrial structure was transformed. Various regulation schemes including a more suitable scale and structure with necessary efficiency standards are provided for decisionmakers that can help the case city approach a more sustainable development pattern.     

酸性土壤条件下纳米氧化锌长期暴露对蕹菜生长和叶绿素荧光参数的影响

为了探明酸性土壤条件下纳米氧化锌（nano-ZnO）长期暴露对蕹菜的生理生态效应,通过盆栽实验,设置7个浓度系列的nano-ZnO,70 d后测定相对叶绿素含量、生长参数和叶绿素荧光参数。结果显示,随nano-ZnO浓度升高,蕹菜相对叶绿素含量和生长参数先缓慢增加后显著下降。nano-ZnO对蕹菜生物量在根部和冠部间的分配无显著影响。相对叶绿素含量与nano-ZnO浓度呈显著负相关（r=-0.879,p<0.001）。在nano-ZnO质量比为160 mg/kg时,光合有效辐射190μmol/(m²·s)诱导的激发能过剩,但过剩激发能可通过热耗散保护机制消耗,以避免发生光损伤。酸性土壤条件下,弱光诱导的蕹菜叶绿素荧光参数对nano-ZnO长期暴露不敏感,但蕹菜的生物量累积易受nano-ZnO长期暴露的影响。     

Community-Based Environmental Management in Atlantic Canada: The Impacts and Spheres of Influence of the Atlantic Coastal Action Program

The Atlantic Coastal Action Program (ACAP) is a unique, community-based program initiated by Environment Canada in 1991 to help Atlantic Canadians restore and sustain watersheds and adjacent coastal areas. ACAP is the eastem-most Environment Canada Ecosystem Initiative. The ACAP family is currently made up of 14 ecosystem-based organizations in the four Atlantic provinces. Each one of these non-profit organizations operates independently, but is formally linked under the umbrella of ACAP to represent a force stronger than the individual parts. In Environment Canada's experience, the program consistently demonstrates the value of a community-based approach and produces results on an ecosystem basis. This paper will examine some of the impacts of ACAP in terms of economics, credible community science, and environmental results which most often align with Environment Canada's objectives. It will explore the influences of the community-based approach to environmental management on multiple scales (local, regional, etc.). Through examples, the paper will demonstrate the effectiveness of ACAP in influencing some of the policies, programs and attitudes of various levels of government and industry in the region, as well as describe how the community-based model has been exported internationally. The paper will conclude with a discussion on a planned path forward for ACAP.     

生态足迹理论对生态城市建设的启示

介绍了生态足迹理论基本概念和计算模型,并运用该模型,对上海市生态足迹进行了计算和分析。在此基础上探讨了生态足迹理论对生态城市建设的启示,提出应在不降低人们生活水平的前提下,减少生态足迹,提高城市的可持续发展能力。     

Mg3MnxAl1-xCO3类水滑石衍生NSR催化剂的制备及其性能评价

采用共沉淀法合成了三元类水滑石Mg_3Mn_xAl_(1-x)CO_3,通过高温煅烧得到其衍生氧化物Mg_3Mn_xAl_(1-x)O_m,再经浸渍负载Pt或BaO后制得新型NO_x存储/再还原(NSR)催化剂。XRD及SEM表征结果显示,当Mn与Al的摩尔比(Mn/Al)大于1时所制备的Mg_3Mn_xAl_(1-x)O_m有杂晶相出现且发生团聚,结合NO_x存储性能评价结果,确定最优Mn/Al为1。BaO负载不利于NO_x的存储,而当Pt负载量为1%(w)时NO_x存储性能最优,250℃条件下的存储量由负载前的0.52 mmol/g提升至0.61 mmol/g。CO_2与NO_x之间存在较强的竞争吸附。负载1%Pt催化剂的NSR性能评价结果表明,8个稀燃-富燃循环后NO_x的去除率为68%,表明催化剂的还原性能仍需加强。     

膨润土对复合污染中表面活性剂的吸附及机理

选取阳离子表面活性剂氯化十六烷基吡啶(CPC)、阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)及非离子表面活性剂Triton X-100(TX-100)为代表,研究了其在膨润土上的吸附行为,探讨了膨润土阳离子交换容量(CEC)、温度、盐度对CPC吸附的影响.结果表明,Na基膨润土对CPC的吸附性能最好,对SDBS基本无吸附,对TX-100的吸附介于两者之间.Na基膨润土对CPC的吸附是阳离子交换和疏水键缔合共同作用的结果,对TX-100的吸附主要是通过其与膨润土硅氧表面间的氢键作用,同时通过疏水键作用形成吸附双分子层;SDBS在Ca基膨润土上的吸附损失量先增大后减小,在1.5倍临界胶束浓度 (CMC)时达到极大值,主要机理是SDBS与膨润土中的Ca²⁺产生沉淀作用,而胶束具有再溶解沉淀的作用.膨润土对CPC的吸附量随着温度升高而降低,随着CEC的增大而增大,一定浓度NaCl的加入有利于其在膨润土上的吸附.     

非点源污染河流的水环境容量估算和分配

通过河流相应集水区内氮磷的各污染源分析(包括农地、畜禽养殖和生活排污等),利用输出系数模型估算各非点源的氮磷投(排)放量和入河量;采用河段氮磷输入-输出平衡关系分析方法,估算河流对氮磷的每月自净量.以此为基础,参照水功能区划所要求的水质目标,提出了水质未超标河段相应集水区的氮磷剩余水环境容量按月估算模型,和水质超标河段相应集水区内氮磷投放削减量的按月估算模型,及其在各污染源之间的分配方案.结果表明,长乐江的总氮和总磷自净量分别达到775.9 t·a^-1和30.9 t·a^-1,自净率分别为28.8%和51.2%.河流对氮磷的自净量不仅受水文生态条件的影响而表现出较大的季节性变化,而且随着污染负荷量本身的增加而提高.按照水功能区划中Ⅲ类水的水质要求,长乐江总氮含量全年超标;各非点源的总氮投(排)放量均须不同程度的削减,削减总量应达到1 581.0　t;氮源削减量分配结果表明,化肥是应削减的最大氮源,要求在河流相应集水区内的化肥氮投放削减量为1 047.4 t·a^-1;而与各种氮源的投排放现状相比,要求削减比例最高的是畜禽养殖的氮排放量,达32.4%.长乐江流域尚有一定的总磷剩余水环境容量(2 335.7 t·a^-1).根据目标水质要求,平水期是各污染源总氮投放需要削减的量最大的时期,丰水期则是总磷剩余水环境容量最小的时期.