压缩空气泡沫扑救大型油类火灾全尺寸实验研究*

为验证压缩空气泡沫扑救大型火灾的有效性,分别开展225 m2甲醇和450 m2重油油池火灭火实验,采用压缩空气泡沫系统搭配消防机器人远距离喷射压缩空气泡沫的灭火方法,分析该方法的灭火效能。研究结果表明:压缩空气泡沫系统可以实现远距离灭火,压缩空气泡沫的施加可以有效降低油池内燃料温度、火场温度以及油池附近热辐射强度。在压缩空气泡沫系统混合液流量为3 900 L/min时,距离油池边缘29 m条件下扑救450 m2全尺寸重油火灾的灭火时间为130 s,灭火阶段水和3%泡沫液的消耗量分别为8 233 L和273 L;在压缩空气泡沫系统混合液流量为3 600 L/min时,距离油池边缘不小于35 m条件下扑救225 m2全尺寸甲醇火灾的灭火时间为231 s,灭火阶段水和6%泡沫液的消耗量分别为12 962 L和808 L。研究结果对提升扑救大型油池火灾的作战能力具有重要意义。     

深圳妈湾排海工程非设计条件下泥沙沉积分析

本文在物理模型试型的基础上，通过理论分析和试验结果的相互验证，认为“悬浮指标”和“水流挟沙力”可作为泥沙沉积之水力条件的有效判据，且提供了判断方法，并由此得出了深圳妈湾排海工程防止泥沙沉积的临界排放流量，最后提出了防止泥沙沉积的运行管理防范措施和建议。     

Experimental Investigation of Potassium and Nitrate Dynamics in A Headwater Stream in Mid-Wales

Potassium and nitrate were added experimentally to a small moorland stream in the headwaters of the River Wye, mid-Wales, during summer and winter low-flow conditions. Nutrient losses at three downstream sampling locations were calculated using concentrations of an added bromide tracer to correct for dilution effects. During the summer experiment, approximately 18% of the added nitrate and 58% of the potassium were removed from the stream water between the point of addition and the catchment outlet. During the winter experiment, nitrate depletion was not observed and the added nitrate travelled along the stream at the same rate as the bromide tracer, while approximately 93% of the added potassium passed through the stream but, at a slower rate than the bromide and nitrate. the results show that in-stream processes, probably related to biological activity of macrophytes and microflora, can regulate stream water concentrations of nitrate and potassium in the summer under stable flow conditions. During the winter, no removal of nitrate or potassium was observed but ion exchange processes involving biofilms, Sphagnum and/or stream sediment may explain the temporary retention of potassium within the stream channel. If similar ion exchange processes operate at high flows, they may account for the hysteresis relationship observed between potassium and discharge during storm events in many upland streams.     

Nitric oxide removal by wastewater bacteria in a biotrickling filter

Nitric oxide(NO) is one of the most important air pollutants in atmosphere mainly emitted from combustion source. A biotrickling filter was designed and operated to remove NO from an air stream using bacteria extracted from the sewage sludge of a municipal sewage treatment plant. To obtain the best operation conditions for the biotrickling filter, orthogonal experiments(L9(34)) were designed. Inlet oxygen concentration was found to be the most significant factor of the biotrickling filter and has a significant negative effect on the system. The optimal conditions of the biotrickling filter occurred at a temperature of 40℃, a pH of 8.0 and a chemical oxygen demand of 165 mg/L in the recycled water with no oxygen in the system. The bacteria sample was detected by DNA sequencing technology and showed 93%–98% similarity to Pseudomonas mendocina. Moreover, a full gene sequencing results indicated the bacterium was a brand new strain and named as P. mendocina DLHK. This strain can transfer nitrate to organic nitrogen. The result suggested the assimilation nitrogen process in this system. Through the isotope experimental analysis, two intermediate products(15NO and 15N2O) were found. The results indicated the denitrification function and capability of the biotrickling filter in removing NO.     

Influence of sunlight on the proliferation of cyanobacterial blooms and its potential applications in Lake Taihu, China

To learn the relationship between sunlight intensity and cyanobacterial proliferations for the further control of the heavy blooms, enclosure experiment were conducted in Meiliang Bay, Lake Taihu by regulating the natural light intensities with different shading ratio （0% （full sunlight）, 10%, 25%, 50% and 75% of original natural sunlight intensities） from September to November in 2010. The results indicated that phytoplankton biomass （mean） decreased significantly when the shading ratios reached 50% or more. Higher shading ratios （e.g. 75%） were very efficient in controlling the average and total cyanobacterialbloom biomass, while 50% shading ratio was proven very effective either in controlling the peak value of phytoplankton biomass or postponing the occurrence of cyanobacterial blooms in Lake Talhu. In addition, phytoplankton composition and photosynthesis efficiency were also affected by altering the shading ratios, and in turn, they might also act on phytoplankton growth. Based on the results from the present study, intermediate shading strategies such as regulation of water level or turbidity through the hydrology regulations would probably be an effective and efficient method in controlling cyanobacterial blooms in large and shallow lakes.     

IP-101自动酸雨分析系统介绍及性能比对

介绍一种新型酸雨自动酸雨分析系统的性能、特点及与实验室比对的情况。仪器所使用的几项关键技术:自动完成酸雨的采集、pH值、电导、阴阳离子的分析、通过网络远程进行数据查取、仪器远程控制,是目前功能最全面的一款酸雨自动酸雨分析系统。     

区域环境空气质量评价体系的探讨

环境质量作为影响经济发展的重要因素,随着经济的发展,受到人们越来越多的关注;而环境质量评价是对环境质量的好坏做出定量的或半定量分析、描绘或鉴定,因此,对环境质量的综合评价极其重要,环境空气质量是环境质量中不可获缺的一部分。为了对环境空气质量状况的了解更直观,且便于区域间进行环境空气质量的横向比较,本文建立了能反映区域环境空气质量水平的评价体系,并提出了评分方法。     

银川台小口子泉水氡对比观测实验研究

本文以小口子泉模拟水氡观测为基础进行日常观测实验.通过加密观测、升高鼓泡水温和降低鼓泡水温实验,认为小口子泉水氡与泉点气温、鼓泡水温变化有关;不同的鼓泡水温对观测氡值有一定影响,但是影响幅度不大.通过不同的观测仪器对比实验,发现不同的观测仪器之间存在系统误差,但不影响观测资料的正常变化形态和幅度.两次实验可以为台站观测人员和分析预报人员掌握观测资料动态变化的影响因素、剔除非地震异常干扰提供帮助.     

江西赣南数字地震台网JOPENS系统常用地震定位方法比较

利用JOPENS系统提供单纯型法、Hypo2000、HypoSAT等地震定位方法,对赣南台网记录的赣南境内、赣粤闽交界区、中国台湾地震分别进行定位、比较,并分别提出适合赣南台网的地震定位方法.     

瓦斯在石门揭构造软煤诱发煤与瓦斯突出中的作用

为了更好地认识和防治煤与瓦斯突出,利用扫描电子显微镜和静态液氮吸附仪研究一种构造软煤的微孔结构特征,同时利用自主搭建的大型石门揭煤相似模拟试验系统,研究石门揭露构造软煤过程中瓦斯压力的变化规律。在试验研究的基础上,分析构造软煤的微孔特性对瓦斯赋存的影响,以及瓦斯在石门揭露构造软煤诱发煤与瓦斯突出中的作用。通过试验得出:构造软煤的结构破坏严重,微孔发育并且为特殊瓶颈的不透气孔,为瓦斯的赋存提供了极为有利的条件;瓦斯在突出的启动和发展过程中起重要作用,即在瓦斯压力突然降低、释放膨胀潜能时,瓦斯压力作为动力来源,加速了煤体向采掘空间抛出的过程。