Selecting suitable sites for animal waste application using a raster GIS

Rapid growth of intensive animal industries in southeast Queensland, Australia, has led to large volumes of animal waste production, which posses serious environmental problems in the Murray Darling Basin (MDB). This study presents a method of selecting sites for the safe application of animal waste as fertiliser to agricultural land. A site suitability map for the Westbrook subcatchment within the MDB was created using a geographic information system (GIS)-based weighted linear combination (WLC) model. The factors affecting the suitability of a site for animal waste application were selected, and digital data sets derived from up to 1:50,000 scale maps were acquired. After initial preprocessing, digital data sets were clipped to the size of the delineated subcatchment boundary producing input factors. These input factors were weighted using the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) that employed an objectives-oriented comparison (OOC) technique to formulate the pairwise comparison matrix. The OOC technique, which is capable of deriving factor weight independently, formulated the weight derivation process by making it more logical and systematic. The factor attributes were classified into multiple classes and weighted using the AHP. The effects of the number of input factors and factor weighting on the areal extent and the degree of site suitability were examined. Due to the presence of large nonagricultural and residential areas in the subcatchment, only 16% of the area was found suitable for animal waste application. The areal extent resulting from this site suitability assessment was found to be dependent on the areal constraints imposed on each input factor, while the degree of suitability was principally a function of the weight distribution between the factors.     

活性粉末混凝土(RPC)槽形梁模型破坏试验研究

活性粉末混凝土 (RPC)具有高强、高耐久性以及高延展性等特点 ,因此 ,RPC在桥梁中有很好的应用前景。但是当前对RPC桥梁的设计研究很少 ,笔者根据自行研制的RPC ,设计了预应力拼装结构的槽形梁模型 ;并进行了RPC槽形梁模型的破坏试验研究 ,以验证槽形梁模型的承载力及发现设计上存在的问题。通过对模型拼装、预应力张拉及模型加载的试验现象的介绍和对试验结果的分析可知 ,破坏时主梁底部的拉应力远没有达到RPC的抗拉极限强度 ,而主梁腹板和下翼缘连接处的局部承载力不足才是主梁破坏的真正原因。最后 ,在总结裂缝发展和模型破坏的原因的基础上 ,对进一步的模型设计提出了修改意见。     

斜拉桥成桥安全检测及评价

在对现场测试结果及理论分析结果进行综合分析的基础上,对湘潭湘江三大桥进行总体安全评价,保证桥梁长期稳定运营。理论和实践表明,将安全评价方法、桥梁检测技术与现行桥梁规范结合起来,将桥梁现场静动力荷载试验与理论分析结合起来,以桥梁规范所要求的各类力学标准和性能标准作为安全评价的力学指标和性能指标,对大跨径斜拉桥进行成桥安全检测及安全评价是可行的,而且是必须的,也是我国的桥梁检测技术发展的方向。     

城市旅游竞争力的实证研究--以广东省为例

城市旅游竞争力研究是目前国内外城市旅游研究的热点.作为我国城市旅游发展较早的地区,广东省旅游业发展的整体水平较高,但各个城市之间的发展水平极度不平衡.在统计资料的基础上,建立了城市旅游竞争力指标体系,并用主成分分析法和系统聚类法对广东省21个地级市的旅游竞争力进行了综合对比分析,认为旅游规模与组织能力是影响广东旅游业发展的重要因素;同时,把广东省21个地级市按照旅游竞争力的大小分为综合型、客源地型、目的地型和待开发型4大类型,提出了广东省要提高城市旅游竞争力、实现城市旅游可持续发展必须制订合理的发展目标、加大旅游投入力度、完善旅游交通网络、加强旅游行业管理.     

含膦磺酸基共聚物PAMPS的合成及阻垢性能研究

利用实验方法合成了含膦磺酸基共聚物PAMPS,通过正交试验评价优选出最佳合成条件,对其阻垢性能进行了评价。将含膦磺酸基共聚物PAMPS与HEDP和含膦基共聚物PCA进行了比较,结果表明,当PAMPS用量为10mg/L时,阻止碳酸钙结垢率达到83.73%,优于同等条件下HEDP与PCA阻止碳酸钙结垢率;当PAMPS用量达到3mg/L时,阻垢率达到98.32%,对硫酸钙的阻垢性能优于HEDP和PCA。同时还可看出,含膦磺酸基共聚物PAMPS对阻止碳酸钙结垢具有低剂量效应,对阻止硫酸钙结垢具有低剂量效应和溶限效应。这说明PAMPS是一种优良的阻垢分散剂。     

江苏油田含油污泥的处理

含油污泥是油田生产过程中产生的固体废物,已被列入《国家危险废物名录》,其无害化处理在国内外仍是一个未攻克的难题。通过对江苏油田含油污泥的实验分析可知,储油罐底泥的含油量比较高,污泥油含量较低,采用1:1比例混合后进行处理,可节约成本。同时对不同的处理剂进行了单因素分析,并通过正交实验确定了含油污泥处理的最佳工艺条件。     

重质燃料油中主要芳烃在自然条件下的风化规律

文章在自然环境条件下对重质燃料油进行了风化模拟实验,采用气质(GC/MS)联用仪分析了重质燃料油中主要芳烃组分及其变化。结果表明:该重质燃料油中主要芳烃为苯类(C_nB)、萘(C_nN)类、菲(C_nP)类、二苯并噻吩(C_nD)类;在自然条件下,经过1周的风化,C_nB和C_0N完全损失;经过6周风化,C_1N完全损失;经过12周的风化,C_2N完全损失,3环的PAHs无明显变化。同时指出C_2D/C_2P和C_3D/C_3P的比值以及烷基化二苯并噻吩的同分异构体分布可用于区别其它油品,并且风化后变化不大,仍可较好地用于油品的鉴定。     

宁夏中北部风沙灾害潜在风险区域对比评价

从致灾因子危险性、孕灾环境稳定性和承灾体脆弱性三个方面对宁夏中北部地区风沙灾害的潜在风险进行了区域对比评价，结果表明：（1）银川市辖区西部、永宁县西部和惠农县为风沙灾害高风险区，石嘴山市辖区、贺兰县、盐池县和吴忠市辖区风沙灾害潜在风险居中，平罗县东部、陶乐县中部、灵武市西部风沙灾害的潜在风险相对较小；（2）风沙灾害潜在风险是多种因素共同作用的结果，某些因素的相互作用可在一定程度上减少风沙活动，防治风沙灾害；（3）通过对影响风沙活动及其危害的自然和人文因素的分析，可对未来风沙灾害的潜在风险进行预测，并为针对性防沙减灾政策的制定提供科学依据。在上述结论的基础上，从可操作性角度提出了风沙灾害的防治建议。     

Urban riverbank residents’ evaluation of flood evacuation policies in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada

The results of a discrete choice experiment (DCE) as a part of a survey among the urban riverbank residents on the Red River in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, indicated that the risk of over-dike flooding, set at 2 ft above the 1997 flood water level, was a significant determinant of both voluntary and mandatory evacuation, compared to those set at the 1996 or 1997 levels. Mandatory evacuation was more preferred over voluntary evacuation when the likelihood of flooding was at its most severe, and the opposite relationship was the case when the likelihood was low. The notification time for evacuation, suggested as 1, 2, and 4 days, proved to be an insignificant attribute, whereas the respondents indicated significant preference for full flood compensation over an offer of either 80% or 90% flood relief, irrespective of the alternatives of voluntary or mandatory evacuation.     

火电厂锅炉烟气电除尘与袋式除尘技术经济比较

阐述了电除尘器与袋式除尘器的技术差异,重点从净化效率、运行阻力、能耗、设备投资与占地等方面进行了技术经济对比.综合分析结果表明:火电厂锅炉烟气净化采用袋式除尘器的综合效益比电除尘器显著.