基于介度熵的机场飞行区关键冲突点识别*

为了探究机场航班流量增大和作业车辆增多而导致机场飞行区内频繁出现活动目标冲突情况，提出1种基于介度熵的机场飞行区关键冲突点识别方法。首先，以飞行区内活动目标为节点，活动目标之间的潜在冲突关系为连边，建立飞行区交通态势网络模型。然后，采用介度熵法评价交通态势网络中各活动目标的冲突指数，得到冲突指数最大的活动目标即关键冲突点。最后，将介度熵法与度中心性、介数中心性和邻接信息熵3种识别方法进行对比，并以西安咸阳国际机场为例进行验证。研究结果表明:识别飞行区关键冲突点时，介度熵法较其他3种方法更有效。通过建立飞行区交通态势网络，采用介度熵法识别飞行区关键冲突点并进行调配，一定程度上可以有效预防冲突发生，保障飞行区运行安全。     

Psychological interventional approach for reduce resource consumption: Reducing plastic bag usage at supermarkets

A field study was conducted to investigate the reduction of plastic bag usage at supermarkets. Many behaviors leading to potential damage to the environment may be unintentional. This study applied a dual motivation model to plastic bag usage and examined the effects of an intervention aimed at promoting pro-environmental behavior. A voice prompt intervention was implemented in Japanese supermarkets. In the first (control) week, shoppers were given free plastic bags by the cashier. In the second (intervention) week, cashiers asked shoppers whether they wanted plastic bags. We collected observational and questionnaire measures of variables that predicted free plastic bag usage during the intervention. The results supported a dual motivation model of behavioral change. The voice prompt decreased the usage of plastic bags by both discouraging unintentional usage and encouraging an intentional reduction in usage. Possibilities for interventions designed both to attenuate unintentional motivation and to promote intentional motivation are considered.