谈环境保护,拥有绿色生活

保护和改善生态环境,拥有绿色生活,是全人类紧迫而艰巨的任务。通过环境保护与治理,环境质量恶化的趋势基本得到控制,局部地区环境质量逐步得到改善,但环境保护依然面临诸多问题与挑战。本文从如何拥有绿色生活的角度阐述了当前面临的环境问题,及加强环境保护的对策,从而实现人与自然的和谐发展,拥抱绿色生活。     

居民对垃圾焚烧发电态度的实证研究——以泰安市垃圾焚烧电厂为例

基于对山东省泰安市垃圾焚烧发电厂周边居民的调查数据,运用SPSS20.0统计软件对数据进行二元Logistic回归分析,探讨垃圾焚烧发电厂周边居民对电厂态度的影响因素。实证结果表明,受教育年限、是否被征求意见、是否接受物质补偿3个变量对周边居民的态度有显著的正向影响;而是否知道二噁英、居住地与电厂距离与周边居民态度呈显著负相关关系。结合相关研究,发现本研究中影响电厂周边居民态度的因素既有普遍性,也有其特殊性。     

构筑可持续发展的循环型社会体系

可持续发展社会的形成并不仅指单纯的物质循环,而是用生态学原理来调和社会和经济的发展,使社会·经济·环境都达成持续的生态平衡。通过论述日本循环型社会形成基本法等相关法律体系,分析了面向循环型经济社会建设的产业体系的发展方向,通过区域性循环社会的实践阐述了从循环型经济社会向可持续发展社会转变的重要意义。     

甘肃河西走廊城市化与水资源的协调发展

在分析城市化与水资源交互胁迫关系的基础上,借助于系统科学理论建立了城市化与水资源协调发展的动态耦合模型,对甘肃河西走廊城市化与水资源协调发展的动态耦合规律进行了初步探讨。结果表明：自1985年以来,河西走廊城市化水平在曲折发展中呈现出明显升高的变化趋势;水资源压力不断增大,并呈现出对城市化具有一定影响的特征。目前河西走廊正处于城市化与水资源的协调发展阶段,然而随着城市化的推进,水资源压力不断增长,二者的耦合状态有不断减弱的趋势。这也进一步说明,在干旱区,水资源压力随城市化的推进呈现出一定的变化规律,城市化的发展往往是需要一定的水资源压力为代价的,然而随着城市化的发展,城市化与水资源的关系不断得以磨合,最终将朝着协调共生的方向发展。     

“湖泊-流域”土地生态管理的理念与方法探讨

在对湖泊-流域基本概念及其管理问题综合阐述、对土地生态管理及其理念应用分析的基础上,探讨土地生态管理对"湖泊-流域"管理的启示。从协调人与自然、不同利益者之间的冲突出发,结合"人-地-水"协调关系问题的处理、"点-线-面"生态网络体系的建设、"生态-经济-社会"可持续发展等,对湖泊-流域土地生态管理的理念进行了具体分析。并提出了湖泊-流域土地生态管理的4个基本目标:①生态系统可持续;②土地利用可持续;③生态经济可持续;④流域管理可持续。在上述分析的基础上,探讨了湖泊-流域土地生态管理基本要素、主要内容、系统框架、管理模型和机制等,分析土地利用/覆盖变化、生态环境变化的直接驱动力和间接驱动力,在生态环境、资源利用、社会经济等评价的基础上,以生态文明建设、直接和间接优化调控机制为核心,提出了湖泊-流域土地生态管理的主要步骤和基本方法,并讨论了湖泊-流域土地生态管理的特点和发展趋势。     

加强生态保护,维护国家生态安全

在详细论述生态安全概念和内涵的基础上,阐述了维护国家生态安全在保障国家安全、维持中华民族的生存与发展和维护人民群众切身利益等方面的重要性,分析了我国面临的环境严重污染、生态赤字扩大、物种资源破坏和自然灾害频发等方面严峻的生态安全形势,提出了规范国土空间开发秩序、完善生态保护政策法规、建立生态监测评价体系、强化资源开发环境监管和提高全民生态安全意识等维护国家生态安全的对策措施。     

Monitoring Sustainable Forest Management in Different Jurisdictions

The concept of sustainable forest management (SFM) requires forest resource managers to monitor and collect information pertaining to their environmental, economic and social impact. There are increasing expectations from a variety of publics (government, customers, and other stakeholders) that forests be demonstrably well-managed, creating incentives for forest managers to design credible systems for assessing their management performance. It is against this background that local, national and international approaches to regulating forest practices have been evolving. This article reviews the different dimensions of governance as they relate to monitoring and information reporting in the forest sector. Specifically, it discusses the changing role of sovereignty, the effects of globalization and the emergence of civil society stakeholders in forestry-related decision-making. Concepts such as sovereignty and globalization have important implications for monitoring forest practices and for defining SFM. Whether SFM standard creation and enforcement involves a sovereign, shared-sovereignty or civil society approach will affect the level and nature of SFM monitoring. As a result, we need to better consider the concept of monitoring appropriate to the scale and intensity of operations, how monitoring and information reporting standards differ between jurisdictions, and what this means for independently verifying SFM at an inter-jurisdictional level.     

Disembodied and Disembedded? The Social and Economic Implications of Atmospheric Change and Biodiversity

The social and economic implications of atmospheric change on biodiversity need to be seen in a global context of major shifts in the conceptualization and management of our relationship with nature. Traditionally, we have conceptualized the atmosphere and the other creatures of the biosphere as separate from the human, but their quasi-autonomy is now becoming subject to more and more human management. This raises not only economic issues, but social, political, and ethical concerns that will have substantial influence on public policy. Among these are the commodification of genetic material; the privatization of traditional knowledge; and the management of information. In this broader context, the paper examines an array of current and proposed strategies of response to changes in biodiversity as a result of climatic and other stresses.     

长江经济带入境旅游经济时空格局动态性——基于ESDA&GWR法

以5 a为时间间隔,运用ESDA法采用旅游外汇收入平均增长量和平均增长率指标,研究长江经济带126个市域单元2000~2015年入境旅游经济的空间格局演化特征,运用GWR法分析入境旅游经济影响因素的空间异质性。结果表明：（1）长江经济带旅游外汇收入平均增长量莫兰指数经历了 0.164 6~0.164 1~0.057 2的变化趋势,增量相似市域由较强集聚向较弱集聚转化,市域旅游经济增长趋于均衡。一级热点区始终位于江浙沿海市域。一级冷点区由研究区中部向苏北转移,空间范围大大缩小。（2）长江经济带旅游外汇收入平均增长率莫兰指数表现为 0.098 6~0.293 1~0.198 9 的变化趋势,市域之间旅游经济增长关联程度增强,总体差异逐渐缩小。一级冷热点区大幅度转移,同时热点区范围大幅度扩大。后期热点市域数量大大超过冷点市域数量。（3）入境旅游发展较为落后的湖南省、云南省增长速度最快,长三角城市群所属市域始终是入境旅游经济增长最活跃的地区。     

Environmental Rights: on the Perspective of Harmonious Development between Human Beings and Nature

The idea of environmental rights was first ascertained as a universal concern in the late 20th century and then became a fundamental part of environmental law along with the growth of serious disasters brought by the frequent occurrence of extreme environmental crisis. Generally speaking, the environmental rights safeguard and defend human rights and ultimately facilitate producing better conditions of life on earth by stretching and expanding the theory of traditional human rights. But there are endless debates since environmental rights appeared and various views of environmental rights, such as anthropocentric doctrine and organism's centre doctrine. Differentiated from the traditional research, this article reviewed environmental rights from the perspective of harmonious development between human beings and nature rather than from the perspective of law. Therefore, it is very important to clarify the relationship between human beings and nature based on the environmental rights and to promote the environmental rights to be embodied in the constitution. This article emphasized the importance of the practical significance of environmental rights, and built a concrete structure within the legal system that could promote the transformation of environmental law from ‘should have’ right to practical right, and promote the further development of environmental rights and their weightiness in the legal system.