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401.
复合生态系统非线性累积效应响应因子的阈值模型 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
基于流域系统累积环境效应的产生机理,以系统动力学特征和累积环境效应-反应过程特征曲线为依据,分析了复合生态环境承载力及其适应性,提出并建立了非线性累积效应响应的指标阈值模型及因子响应程度的客观、动态量化方法。模型的建立对系统可持续发展的评估决策具有一定的指导作用。 相似文献
402.
大丰市滩涂生态系统服务价值评估 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用遥感技术,通过对TM影像的解译,分析了江苏省大丰市不同历史阶段滩涂开发状况。运用Costanza方法计算了滩涂生态系统的服务价值。研究结果表明,在1984年至2002年18a间,由于缺乏科学规划,滩涂开发对大丰市滩涂生态系统服务功能造成损害;与1997年相比,2002年大丰市滩涂生态系统服务价值损失达88.38万美元,减少33.46%。 相似文献
403.
针对西北地区农业越来越依赖化肥、农药来提高产量以及污染问题日趋严重的现状 ,提出将发展草地生态农业与革新产品作为该地区农业可持续发展的出路。建议先主抓多途径开辟有机肥源 ,大田作物资源化增值 ,快速解决奶牛牛源与增加系统生物多样性 4项 ,可改善生态环境 ,使农民增收 ,将农业生态系统导入良性循环 相似文献
404.
对评价森林资源生态环境效益的 2种方法进行了比较 ,阐述了这 2种方法的优缺点 ,通过案例分析可知 :森林资源环境效果评价法获得的评价值大 ,而意愿调查法的评价值小 ,并说明了导致这 2种方法评价值不同的原因。 相似文献
405.
黎洁 《生态与农村环境学报》2002,18(3):61-64
从我国自然保护区所面临的经费困难和开展生态旅游的现状入手 ,概述了生态旅游资源的价值评估法和加拿大国家公园使用者收费情况 ,并探讨了我国自然保护区生态旅游资源价值实现的若干方式 相似文献
406.
Extreme value analysis of Munich air pollution data 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
We present three different approaches to modelling extreme values of daily air pollution data. We fitted a generalized extreme
value distribution to the monthly maxima of daily concentration measures. For the exceedances of a high threshold depending
on the data, the parameters of the generalized Pareto distribution were estimated. Accounting for autocorrelation, clusters
of exceedances were used. To obtain information about the relationship of the exceedance of the air quality standard and possible
predictors we applied logistic regression. Results and their interpretation are given for daily average concentrations of
ozone and nitrogen dioxide at two monitoring sites within the city of Munich. 相似文献
407.
408.
Roles of male residence and relative size in the social behavior of Iberian rock lizards, Lacerta monticola 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Many studies on contest competition used residency asymmetry as a discrete variable. However, the probability of winning an
interaction may change as a continuous function of the value of the location where the encounter occurs. We performed a field
study to examine the importance of location within a home range and relative body size to the outcomes of agonistic interactions
between male lizards, Lacerta monticola. The distances to activity centers (the most used locations based on a density function of sightings) and relative size play
important roles in agonistic interactions and had interacting effects in natural conditions. On the other hand, previous studies
with lizards suggested that inferior competitors are able to avoid agonistic interactions in the field. Thus, we staged encounters
in the laboratory to examine the behavioral responses of smaller individuals. The responses of each focal smaller male were
measured in its own home cage (resident), in the cage of a larger male (intruder) and in a cage in which no male was previously
present (control). The predominant behavioral tactics of smaller males were avoidance when they are the intruders and displaying
when they are the residents. Submissive displays by smaller males may help reduce the costs of agonistic encounters. 相似文献
409.
Ronald?R.?SwaisgoodEmail author Matthew?P.?Rowe Donald?H.?Owings 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2003,55(1):22-31
California ground squirrels (Spermophilus beecheyi) and northern Pacific rattlesnakes (Crotalus viridus oreganus) have an adversarial relationship. Adults are partially protected by venom resistance and harass rattlesnakes in part to defend their more vulnerable offspring. Larger, warmer snakes are more dangerous than smaller colder snakes, and in escalated conflict squirrels could benefit from risk assessment strategies. Rattlesnakes often rattle at harassing squirrels and rattling sounds produce cues related to body size and temperature. In study 1 we played back rattling sounds from snakes that varied in dangerousness and evaluated the roles of sex and parity in squirrel risk assessment strategies. In general, squirrels tail flagged and stood bipedally more, and were slower to reapproach the playback speaker following playbacks of rattling sounds from more dangerous snakes. In comparison with males and nonmothers, mothers were most responsive to rattling sounds and more sensitive to variation in snake dangerousness. Mothers tail flagged more than males and nonmothers, and this behavior tracked variation in snake dangerousness most closely, perhaps reflecting the effects of snake size and temperature on pup vulnerability. These findings suggest that many aspects of squirrel antisnake behavior are governed by their effects on descendant kin. In study 2 we tested the effects of offspring age on mothers responses to live rattlesnakes and rattling sounds. According to the offspring value hypothesis, mothers should take more risks in defense of older offspring because they are more likely to survive to reproductive age. By contrast, under the offspring vulnerability hypothesis, older offspring are less vulnerable to predators and thus mothers should take fewer risks. Risk-taking, as measured by behaviors that bring the squirrel close to the snakes strike range, was either unaffected by or negatively correlated with offspring age. Thus, our findings suggest that whereas offspring value is unimportant in squirrel antisnake behavior, offspring vulnerability may affect maternal defense. We suggest that offspring vulnerability in mammals, in comparison with birds, may play a larger role in parental defense against predators.Communicated by P.A. BednekoffAn erratum to this article can be found at 相似文献
410.
阊江河1~6级支流大型底栖无脊椎动物取食功能团演变特征 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:2
河流连续性概念(rivercontinuumconcept,RCC)将自然河流生态系统视为物理和生物的连续体,河流物理环境的梯度变化决定了生物的演变格局.为探索自然河流系统受人类干扰后大型底栖无脊椎动物的演变规律,作者于2002年5月、8月、11月对安徽省祁门县阊江河1~6级支流的大型底栖无脊椎动物进行了调查,共获7纲57科101属119种,计8813头,并详细记载了各级支流样点的栖境特点.运用“河流连续性概念”理论分析结果表明该河1~6级支流大型底栖无脊椎动物各取食功能团演变趋势符合该理论,但上游至下游的生物区系演替程度明显小于未受干扰的自然河流,1~6级支流各功能团的分布(P/%)梯度变化趋于平缓,仅捕食者数量分布与理论预测模式比较接近.各级支流相同取食功能团的优势类群各异,其种类的耐污能力随河流级别的增加总体呈上升趋势.同级支流各取食功能团的分布(P/%)比例存在季节性差异.图2表3参15 相似文献