算术平均值及其分布

平均值和标准偏差是误差理论和数理统计理论中的两个核心问题.平均值的计算方法虽然简单,但是,它的内涵却并不是十分简单.本文以通俗的语言对平均值的本质作了深入浅出的介绍.     

Lactation patterns of pinnipeds are not explained by optimization of maternal energy delivery rates

Within pinnipeds, phocids and otariids show differing maternal care strategies. Phocids rear young out of body stores in a yearly cycle with a single stay ashore when the mother fasts while lactating, whereas otariids provision their young by repeated foraging trips to sea alternating with brief stays ashore where they suckle their young. In a previous optimality model, these differences have been interpreted as adaptations based on differing energy requirements of large (phocid) and smaller (otariid) species, and the time budget of the large elephant and the much smaller Antarctic fur seal were correctly predicted. Our refined model—extended to pinniped species of all sizes—predicts lactation strategies to shift from attendance cycles to 1-year cycles with increasing body mass and provides an explanation for the finding that phocid pups are weaned at lower relative mass than otariid pups. However, other predictions do not correspond to empirical findings. In particular, the model does not explain the behavior of large otariids and small phocids. Thus, maternal metabolic requirements alone appear insufficient to explain observed lactation patterns. In the light of our results, we discuss more generally the scope and limitations of optimality models when applied in a comparative framework to a group of related species.     

我国农村作物秸秆资源化调查研究

本文分析了全国秸杆资源化现状和存在问题，探讨秸秆的利用途径和开发价值，对合理开发利用全国的秸秆资源提出了初步建议。     

环境承载力论初探

正确判断人类神经行为，特别是经济发展行为是否与所处的环境条件相协调，是实现环境与经济协调发展的前景。     

REGIONAL APPLICATION OF AN APPROXIMATE STREAMFLOW PARTITIONING METHOD1

ABSTRACT: The approximate streamflow partitioning method which uses daily rainfall and streamfiow data was applied in Coastal Plain, Coastal Flatwoods, and Southern Piedmont physiographic regions for estimation of the surface and subsurface flow components of total streainflow. Sizes of the watersheds ranged from 9.6 km² to 1,030 km. Although the streamflow partitioning method was developed and tested on the Coastal Plain physiographic region, results indicate that the procedure can be applied to other physiographic regions where available data are limited to daily values. The effect of channelization on the partitioned flow components in the Coastal Plain and Coastal Flatwoods physiographic areas was also examined. While channelization was found to decrease the storm-time base, it had no significant effect on the relative percentages of the partitioned flow components.     

可持续发展社会的生活理念与模式建立的探索

可持续生活方式是可持续发展社会中的基本生活类型，是实现可持续发展战略目标的社会基础。要使之成为我国社会的一种基本生活方式，关键在于民众普遍接受可持续道德价值观。     

东北蝲蛄资源及其开发利用

东北蛄是世界淡水鳌虾的一种，在我国仅产于黑龙江流域，是风味独特的水产珍品，但未被人们重视。本文根据近年来的部分研究成果，初步报道了东北蛄资源现状生物学、特性及其经济价值，并提出开发利用途径．     

渭河断陷盆地及邻区Q值分布与地震灾害关系的初步研究

本文研究了渭河断陷盆地及邻近地区介质品质因子的分布特征，探讨了其与该区域速度场、地质构造和地震灾害分布之间的关系。结果表明该区域介质品质因子分布与速度场之间存在着较好的对应关系，并与该区域的地震灾害分布密切相关。     

山东省耕地资源价值评估研究

显化耕地资源价值，有利于耕地保护和农业可持续发展。本文以山东省为例，将耕地看作一个生态经济系统，按耕地资源价值形成的影响因素，以收益倍数法为基础，应用模糊数学和灰色系统原理，对耕地资源进行价值核算。     

喀斯特高原区5种常见灌木叶片δ~(13)C值的季节变化及其对石漠化程度的响应

测定了贵州高原喀斯特石漠化小流域内5种灌木叶片δ13C值的季节变化,旨在探讨季节及石漠化等级对植物叶片δ13C值的影响。结果表明:不同季节间植物叶片δ13C值呈显著差异,生长初期(4月)叶片的δ13C值显著高于生长中后期(7月、9月及12月);5种灌木种种间差异显著,火棘的叶片δ13C值最负,荚蒾的叶片δ13C值最正,粉枝莓,鼠李和竹叶椒的叶片δ13C值居中;7月不同石漠化等级间植物叶片δ13C值存在显著差异,而在其余月份(即4月、9月及12月)不同石漠化等级间植物叶片δ13C值不存在显著差异,但基本呈现无、轻度石漠化植物叶片小于中度石漠化植物叶片δ13C值的格局;整个生长季中,叶片δ13C值与土壤含水量的相关关系研究表明大多数种在大多数时间随土壤水分的减少其δ13C值增高。