浦东机场垃圾焚烧处理设计

系统地介绍了浦东国际机场航空垃圾焚烧处理工艺 ,对航空垃圾焚烧处理的设计条件、系统流程和物料平衡等主要工艺参数及过程安全控制进行了详细的阐述。     

吉林西部植被生态环境需水量供需平衡研究

吉林西部地处半湿润、半干旱气候区,水资源的紧缺已成为制约生态环境修复和地区经济发展的重要因素.在对已往生态环境需水量研究成果进行总结,分析该区自然环境的基础上,提出了植被生态环境需水量的概念,即保证植物正常、健康生长,同时能够抑制土地沙化、碱化,乃至荒漠化发展所需的最小水资源量.采用统计年鉴资料,并利用TM卫星影像解译数据进行修正,计算出了农田、草地和林地面积.分别采用面积定额法、水量平衡法、潜在蒸散量法求得农田、草地和林地的生态环境需水量,分别为60.698亿,42.942亿和32.852亿m3.通过供需水平衡分析,得出该区植被生态环境需水量为136.492亿m3,尚缺水19.25亿m3.      

基于环境保护的面向回收再利用的设计探索

主要介绍了回收设计的基本特点、内容及准则,为废旧物品的回收利用、节约能源提供思路。     

湿沉降离子平衡参数取值范围的计算

为保证湿沉降监测数据的可靠性及国际间数据的可比性,对不同类型湿沉降监测的离子平衡参数(R₁)的参考值X_R1的范围进行了计算和分析.结果表明,X_R1的取值主要受降水中离子组成、离子浓度以及监测准确性的影响.不同类型降水的X_R1的取值范围有所差别,同一类型降水的X_R1也会因降水中总离子浓度的差别而不同.降水中总离子浓度(C+A)>100μeq/L时,海陆相间型降水的X_R1的取值范围为5%～7%;内陆型降水的X_R1的取值范围为5%～9%;海洋型降水X_R1的取值范围为5%～11%.当(C+A)<50μeq/L时,总离子浓度越小,实验的精密度越差,离子浓度的精密度(ai)值越大.当ai取100%时,X_R1的取值范围为33%~71%.国际间同类降水监测规范比较,(C+A)≥50μeq/L时,_R1的取值基本在X_R1的计算范围内;而(C+A)<50μeq/L时,各个标准之间的差别较大.     

火区调压技术在煤峪口矿的实际应用

在采场均压防灭火实验室模型模拟实验的基础上 ,总结了煤峪口矿现场实施火区的调压工艺技术。该技术包括利用调压气室平衡火区风压、提高工作面风压和堵塞地表裂隙 3项调压措施 ,其防灭火效果十分显著。在这 3项措施中 ,无论是工作面升压或气室调压失效 ,此时填堵裂隙工程则会发挥重要作用     

甘蔗糖蜜酒精生产废水治理——论酒糟的循环使用

将酒精发酵系统看成是一个由许多相互关联的化学和生物化学反应构成的复杂反应网络系统，并应用平衡和平衡移动原理，对有糟液参与二次发酵的系统进行分析，指出：发酵系统中所有副反应都有一个反应极限，当达到或超过极限时，副反应将受到抑制，因此，副产物在发酵系统不会形成累积．不会影响正常发酵，以此为酒糟循环使用提供理论支持。     

Estimating Annual Groundwater Evapotranspiration from Phreatophytes in the Great Basin Using Landsat and Flux Tower Measurements

Escalating concerns about water supplies in the Great Basin have prompted numerous water budget studies focused on groundwater recharge and discharge. For many hydrographic areas (HAs) in the Great Basin, most of the recharge is discharged by bare soil evaporation and evapotranspiration (ET) from phreatophyte vegetation. Estimating recharge from precipitation in a given HA is difficult and often has significant uncertainty, therefore it is often quantified by estimating the natural discharge. As such, remote sensing applications for spatially distributing flux tower estimates of ET and groundwater ET (ET_g) across phreatophyte areas are becoming more common. We build on previous studies and develop a transferable empirical relationship with uncertainty bounds between flux tower estimates of ET and a remotely sensed vegetation index, Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI). Energy balance‐corrected ET measured from 40 flux tower site‐year combinations in the Great Basin was statistically correlated with EVI derived from Landsat imagery (r² = 0.97). Application of the relationship to estimate mean‐annual ET_g from four HAs in western and eastern Nevada is highlighted and results are compared with previous estimates. Uncertainty bounds about the estimated mean ET_g allow investigators to evaluate if independent groundwater discharge estimates are “believable” and will ultimately assist local, state, and federal agencies to evaluate expert witness reports of ET_g, along with providing new first‐order estimates of ET_g.     

海洋资源资产负债表的编制问题初探

编制海洋资源资产负债表是推动我国生态文明建设、促进我国国民经济发展的必要手段,因而受到学术界的广泛关注。通过对过往研究成果的梳理,可以看出目前我国海洋资源资产负债表的编制工作仍处于起步阶段。本文对我国编制海洋资源资产负债表的意义进行了研究,同时对海洋资源资产负债表编制工作当中的难点与重点问题进行了探讨,分析得出目前存在概念不清晰、分类不明确、核算不准确、数据不完备四大问题,并有针对性地提出了政策建议。     

潜流湿地处理不同浓度有机污水的差异分析

通过供氧平衡及物质平衡理论分析和实证研究,探讨根系泌氧、水中自带溶解氧、植物吸收营养物在湿地净化中的贡献,并通过落空运行来启动大气复氧.结果表明,当处理Ⅳ类以下地表水时,根系泌氧和水中携氧可使基质内为好氧环境、出水DO>0;植物吸收和介质吸附可使N、P去除稳定.当处理生活污水时,植物供氧不足,基质内为缺氧/厌氧环境、铵氧化细菌和亚硝酸氧化菌数量只有氨化细菌的1/1 000～1/100,出水DO≈0,使基质易堵塞;植物吸收和介质吸附有限,氮去除率≤20%;磷去除率随介质吸附容量的饱和逐渐下降,运行前3个月去除率为54%,运行1a以后降低到5%.潜流湿地处理生活污水时污染负荷远大于植物供氧和吸收营养物的上限,是其存在技术局限的根本原因.启动大气复氧是湿地工艺改进的一个重要方向,预沉-常规湿地对COD、NH₄⁺-N、TN、TP的去除率为79%、34%、36%、34%,预沉-落空湿地则为79%、88%、14%、69%,必须合理利用大气复氧才能实现去除总氮的最终目的.     

Human Impacts on Land Cover and Water Balances in a Coastal Mediterranean County

We analyzed the effects of changes in land cover on the water balance in Spain’s Marina Baixa County, on the Mediterranean coast. To reveal how different land management strategies have affected the area’s environment, four municipalities within the same catchment were studied: Benidorm, Callosa d’en Sarrià, Beniardà, and Guadalest. In the municipalities of Callosa and Benidorm, the proportion of the area covered by woodland declined by 4.2% and 30.2%, respectively, and woodland was replaced by agriculture and urban development. The abandonment of farmland produced a 17% increase in the proportion of the area covered by vegetation in Guadalest and Beniardá, where frequent forest fires have exacerbated a decrease in the area of pine woodland. Tourism development in Benidorm has been accompanied by an increase in the transportation infrastructure and by an expansion of areas with an impermeable surface, with the lowest level of infiltration into the aquifer system. These changes have generated a net water deficit in Callosa and Benidorm of more than 6 Mm³/year, creating a high demand for water imported from other municipalities (Guadalest and Beniardá) or from outside of the county to maintain the sustainability of the current water management strategies. The Marina Baixa case study is representative of many of the world’s coastal areas that are undergoing rapid urban development based on an inappropriate understanding of human progress based mainly on economic development and thus provides insights into water management in other areas.