地铁隧道电缆阴燃时优化通风的数值模拟

地铁隧道电缆阴燃火灾相比明燃火灾,具有更高的隐蔽性和更大的危害性。根据地铁隧道电缆的阴燃特点,采用数值模拟方法,对阴燃电缆热解产物在不同通风模式下的毒害性分布进行研究。结果表明,隧道断面2 m/s的送风风速并不能最大程度地确保疏散人员的安全,而与列车驶入时刻满足三次多项式关系的最优送风风速,可以使列车内安全距离达到最大,且不会影响到人员的安全疏散。     

飞机撞击引起爆炸-火灾后建筑坍塌过程模拟

为了解飞机撞击超高层建筑后致使建筑坍塌或倾倒过程,基于颗粒流理论进行了该过程模拟,包括飞机撞击、油箱爆炸、火灾和建筑坍塌过程。模拟分4个阶段:初始至撞击、撞击至油箱爆炸、爆炸至火灾、建筑坍塌至结束。引入了颗粒流爆炸模型和考虑钢混等效结构的火灾模型。分别在建筑高程250 m和100 m处实施了撞击模拟。结果表明,不同的撞击高度所造成的建筑破坏效果和过程有同有异。共同点是飞机的撞击并不是建筑破坏的直接原因。飞机油箱爆炸破坏了外围框架,也造成核心筒结构的损伤,因此爆炸是建筑破坏的起因。不同点是250 m撞击时爆炸引起的火灾加速了上部建筑的倾倒,但最终撞击处下部建筑结构仍完整,这个过程时间较长。100 m时火灾几乎未起到任何助力坍塌的作用,建筑便已经开始不可逆的坐塌过程,该过程时间较短。     

三硬条件下孤岛区域大直径钻孔防冲方案优化

忻州窑矿是典型的冲击地压矿井,为确保忻州窑矿8939三硬条件孤岛工作面安全高效回采,采用理论计算的方法,得出在该地质条件下卸压钻孔参数的合理范围,并采用数值模拟方法对理论计算得出的参数范围进行深入研究,得出适合该地质条件下的大直径卸压钻孔优化方案。采用KBD5电磁辐射仪对卸压效果进行了检验,结果表明,经过优化,煤体内电磁辐射强度较原卸压方案降低了15.7%,累计脉冲数降低了16.6%。方案优化后不但提升了卸压效果,而且节省了约690个钻孔和30%的工作量。     

民航维修人员习惯性违章行为的SD建模研究

掌握习惯性违章行为形成过程中的反馈机制和发展规律可以为消除习惯性违章行为提供理论依据。基于系统动力学(SD)理论,建立了民航机务维修人员习惯性违章行为的动态模型,利用VENSIM软件模拟仿真。结果表明,惩罚力度从第1等级(惩罚力度由小到大分别对应1~10等级)到第6等级时,习惯性违章行为活跃水平依次减小,从第6等级到第10等级时,习惯性违章行为活跃水平依次增加。此外习惯性违章行为活跃水平对工作单卡的合理程度敏感性最强,组织应优先提高工作单卡的合理程度。     

冲击载荷作用下不同断面形状巷道稳定性数值仿真分析

为了研究动载荷作用下井巷的稳定性,基于波动冲击理论,利用FLAC~(3D)值模拟软件,对深井不同断面巷道在动载荷作用下的围岩位移场变化规律进行了数值仿真。结果表明:不同巷道断面形式对冲击荷载作用的响应程度存在显著差别,巷道顶板监测点的速度产生波动从大到小依次为矩形、直墙拱形和圆形断面巷道;巷道顶板均产生明显下沉,矩形断面巷道的下沉量最大,其次是直墙拱断面巷道,圆形断面巷道的下沉位移最小;对于巷道围岩垂直应力的分布范围,圆形断面巷道最小,矩形断面巷道最大,直墙拱断面巷道居中,并得到了现场监测结果验证。     

北黄海北部海域潮余流的模拟研究

基于二维水动力模型,在仅考虑潮流作用条件下,通过计算欧拉余流和拉格朗日余流并结合粒子追踪方法研究了辽宁大连—朝鲜龙渊郡连线北侧的北黄海北部海域的潮余流结构和粒子运移的趋势。结果表明:欧拉余流和拉格朗日余流流速整体较小,呈现由南向北的流向,但在獐子岛及长山群岛的附近岛屿和朝鲜半岛沿岸的海域欧拉余流和拉格朗日余流流速较大。对比粒子追踪计算的结果与欧拉余流和拉格朗日余流的结果表明,流向与粒子运移路径基本一致。该海湾的余流及粒子运动规律特点对辽东半岛东岸及朝鲜半岛西侧海域的排污及污染控制有重要的借鉴意义。     

Comparison study and parameter identification of three battery models for an off-grid photovoltaic system

There is growing interest in solar batteries, especially for photovoltaic (PV) applications. Therefore, an accurate battery model is required for the PV system because of its influence on system efficiency. Several mathematical models of batteries have been described in the scientific literature. However, this paper reviews three electrochemical models most commonly used for PV systems, such as Shepherd, Manegon and Coppetti, in order to define the most appropriate model for PV systems. This paper discusses an application of the pattern search optimization technique to extract the parameters of three battery models derived from experimental test results obtained from sealed gelled lead acid batteries for both charge and discharge modes. A comparative case and regression analysis based on statistical tests and a quantitative method were conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness and accuracy of the updated model from the three aforementioned. The simulation results and tests performed on the battery charge and discharge modes lead us as well to approve the algorithm’s accuracy regarding the updated model.     

Representing the Connectivity of Upland Areas to Floodplains and Streams in SWAT+

In recent years, watershed modelers have put increasing emphasis on capturing the interaction of landscape hydrologic processes instead of focusing on streamflow at the watershed outlet alone. Understanding the hydrologic connectivity between landscape elements is important to explain the hydrologic response of a watershed to rainfall events. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool+ (SWAT+) is a new version of SWAT with improved runoff routing capabilities. Subbasins may be divided into landscape units (LSUs), e.g., upland areas and floodplains, and flow can be routed between these LSUs. We ran three scenarios representing different extents of connectivity between uplands, floodplains, and streams. In the first and second scenarios, the ratio of channelized flow from the upland to the stream and sheet flow from the upland to the floodplain was 70/30 and 30/70, respectively, for all upland/floodplain pairs. In the third scenario, the ratio was calculated for each upland/floodplain pair based on the upland/floodplain area ratio. Results indicate differences in streamflow were small, but the relative importance of flow components and upland areas and floodplains as sources of surface runoff changed. Also, the soil moisture in the floodplains was impacted. The third scenario was found to provide more realistic results than the other two. A realistic representation of connectivity in watershed models has important implications for the identification of pollution sources and sinks.     

人为热对广州高温天气影响的数值模拟个例分析

基于广州市2009,2000和1990年工业、交通、生活能源统计数据,通过能源清单法估算出广州市对应年份的人为热排放量,再通过在WRF模式中引入2009,2000和1990年的下垫面数据和人为热排放方案,对2005,2012和2017年广州市的3次持续高温过程进行模拟,从而评估不同年代人为热排放水平对广州市极端高温天气的影响.结果表明,模拟的2m气温较为准确,能合理模拟出城市地区的热岛效应,但对极端高温的模拟略有偏低,而引入人为热有助于改善模拟结果.在case2012中,2009,2000和1990年3种人为热排放水平使广州城市下垫面的平均气温分别上升0.53,0.44和0.13℃,热岛强度增强0.43,0.38和0.13℃.3个模拟个例的结果均表明,日间的人为热排放比夜间大,但夜间气温及热岛强度的变化比日间要明显.     

多因素综合高原高寒气候环境模拟加速试验箱研制

目的研制一种多因素综合高原高寒气候环境模拟加速试验箱,主要用于高原地区使用的工艺、材料和零部件的快速筛选和环境适应性评价。方法通过高原气候特征分析、工艺验证和文献分析,进行设计、制造、试验谱设计和试验验证等工作。结果解决了光照和高低温低气压环境条件的同时施加问题,形成同时施加光照、气压、温度、湿度和风速五因素的高原高寒气候环境模拟加速试验箱。设计了一套高原高寒气候环境模拟加速试验谱,实现了高原高寒气候环境的多因素综合模拟和加速。结论试验箱各项技术指标达到设计要求。塑料样品的拉伸强度和冲击韧性性能、有机涂层的色差和光泽变化指标,与拉萨站试验结果进行对比,具有良好相关性和加速性。本试验箱可用于高原地区使用的工艺、材料和零部件的快速筛选和环境适应性快速评价。