新型液体洗涤法处理次食业油烟装置的试验研究

主要对液体洗涤法处理油烟工艺进行了研究，利用其处理原理白行设计了一套处理油烟装置，并通过实验进行了参数的选择和优化，得出采用1‰的NaOH＋1‰的洗涤剂（质量浓度）的混合液为淋洗液，填料高度5～6cm，则去除率能达到80％以上，且实验证实其处理效果达到了国家规定的最低净化率。     

城市餐饮业油烟污染状况的分析与对策

通过对本区餐饮油烟污染状况的调查，结果表明多麦子弹位未采用净化施备或存在缺陷不能达标排放，建议环保部门在加强监管，强化市场准入制度，建立清洗队伍同时火力开发高效优质油烟净化设备。     

油烟排放控制指标的探讨

油烟已经被列入大气污染的一个重要污染源,由于其对环境空气的污染日益严重,对居民生活造成的严重影响,油烟污染的治理检测显得非常重要。阐述了油烟污染的治理及油烟排放标准的制定。同时,就油烟中甲醛的检测方法作了一些可行性的实验。     

组合式油烟洗涤净化装置运行条件优化

通过设计二级组合式油烟洗涤装置,以清水为介质,进行动态模拟油烟气洗涤净化实验,研究最佳运行操作条件.实验结果表明:烟气流率、入口浓度和液相油烟浓度积累是影响二级组合式油烟洗涤装置总效率的重要因素,曝气深度对洗涤槽的洗涤效率有重要影响,而喷淋量则对填料洗涤塔的洗涤效果有重要影响;在烟气流率为2.8m3/h,入口浓度为3mg/m3,曝气深度为4.5～6.0cm(对应水深约为14.0cm),喷淋量为0.9L/min, 液相浓度＜12mg/L·CCL4的运行条件下,该净化装置对油烟废气的最大总净化效率可达80%.     

水稻籽实中蛋白质-Cd、Pb结合体及其稳定性

通过凝脱层析方法，对水稻籽实中的蛋白质－Cd,Pb结合形态特征及其稳定性进行了研究。结果表明；水稻籽实TrisHCl提取液经SephadexG-75分 离，洗脱液得到3个紫外吸收峰，在第1、3峰处出现了Cd、Pb浓度峰，其蛋白质－Cd、Pb结合体的表观分子量为54.5KD和5.5KD。在蒸煮加热处理后，水稻籽实中蛋白质－Cd、Pb结合体发生变性，使分子量为54.5KD的蛋白质－Cd,Pb结合体完全破坏，分子量为5.5KD的结合体也部分地被破坏，与蛋白质结合的Cd ,Pb被释放出来。胃蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶消化处理后，也能够破坏蛋白质－Cd,Pb结合体的形态，洗脱液中Cd,Pb的浓度分布也发生了变化，在第1、3紫外吸收峰处的Cd、Pb浓度也明显降低。另外，在第3峰以后的洗脱液中也检测到Cd、Pb的浓度。     

民用固体燃料及烹调油烟杂环胺排放及健康风险评价

模拟了典型固体燃料的民用燃烧及家庭烹饪食用油过程,分别采用烟尘罩稀释采样系统和小型烟尘罩采集烟气.利用高效液相色谱-紫外检测法测定了5种典型致癌杂环胺的排放特征.估算了2012年杂环胺排放量及不同情景下妇女炊事吸入杂环胺的致癌风险.结果表明,秸秆、薪柴、烟煤、无烟煤燃烧2-氨基-3-甲基-9H-吡啶[2,3-b]吲哚（MeAaC）排放因子均值为5.2~142.9μg/kg、2-氨基-9H-吡啶[2,3-b]吲哚（AaC）排放因子为0.6~37.8μg/kg,2-氨基-1-甲基-6-苯基咪唑并[4,5-b]吡啶（PhIP）排放因子为1.5~25.9μg/kg.植物油烹调MeAaC和2-氨基-3-甲基咪唑并（4,5-f）喹啉（IQ）排放因子均值分别为6.8μg/kg和1.5μg/kg.动物油烹调MeAaC、2-氨基-3,4-二甲基-3H-咪唑并喹啉（MeIQ）和AaC排放因子均值分别为6.2μg/kg、2.0μg/kg和1.1μg/kg.秸秆使用分别占PhIP、MeAaC和AaC 排放的93.0%、76.2%和76.2%.薪柴使用占AaC、MeAaC和PhIP排放的22.1%、7.7%和4.0%.烟煤使用占MeAaC、 PhIP和AaC排放的15.9%、2.8%和1.8%.健康风险评价表明,在缺乏有效排烟的情况下,使用烟煤（哈尔滨）或秸秆炊事的家庭妇女暴露于杂环胺总致癌风险分别为4.60×10^-5和1.84×10^-5,超过EPA建议值.使用薪柴或烟煤（包头）炊事的家庭妇女暴露于杂环胺总致癌风险分别为4.50×10^-6和4.31×10^-6,略高于EPA建议值.使用无烟煤及电能炊事妇女暴露于杂环胺总致癌风险为可忽略水平.     

饮食业后堂噪声综合控制技术研究

分析了饮食业后堂噪声的频率特性,采取隔声、吸声、消声控制技术和防油雾措施,并独创设计了一种排油烟通风复合消声器,解决了同时排油烟和降噪的难题,得出了饮食业后堂噪声综合控制的有效工艺。经2年的实际应用证明,降噪能力强,可满足60dB(A)的区域环境标准的要求,效果稳定,是一项值得推广的技术。特别是排油烟通风复合消声器、通风消声窗及“声闸”的设计参数,可在同类噪声控制中推广应用。     

Species-level study on arsenic availability from dietary components

Arsenic (As) contaminated water and foodstuffs are of major concern. Samples of drinking–cooking water (n = 50), raw rice (n = 50), common vegetables (eight types), and common pulses (three types) were collected from households in the endemic region. The study found up to 70% As reduction by using safe water for cooking of rice and vegetables. Speciation study reflected more arsenate than arsenite and other organic arsenicals in all the types of samples. Male intake of 293 μg As through drinking water contained 38 μg arsenite and 246 μg arsenate, and female intake of 199 μg As contained 167 μg arsenate and 25 μg arsenite. In cooked rice, 108 μg As contained 69 μg arsenate and 17 μg arsenite with 9 μg dimethylarsonic acid (DMA). Total As consumption from cooked vegetables was 45 μg with 34 and 4 μg of arsenite and arsenate, respectively, and 5 μg of DMA. Data indicate that cooking with As-free water removes arsenic in already contaminated foodstuffs but without interconversion of the As species, from toxic inorganic to less toxic organic forms.     

油烟净化设备分类及特性

按油烟净化设备的发展历程对其进行了分类 ,并分别介绍了其工作原理及特点     

A process model to estimate the cost of industrial scale biodiesel production from waste cooking oil by supercritical transesterification

This paper describes the conceptual design of a production process in which waste cooking oil is converted via supercritical transesterification with methanol to methyl esters (biodiesel).Since waste cooking oil contains water and free fatty acids, supercritical transesterification offers great advantage to eliminate the pre-treatment capital and operating cost.A supercritical transesterification process for biodiesel continuous production from waste cooking oil has been studied for three plant capacities (125,000; 80,000 and 8000 tonnes biodiesel/year). It can be concluded that biodiesel by supercritical transesterification can be scaled up resulting high purity of methyl esters (99.8%) and almost pure glycerol (96.4%) attained as by-product.The economic assessment of the biodiesel plant shows that biodiesel can be sold at US$ 0.17/l (125,000 tonnes/year), US$ 0.24/l (80,000 tonnes/year) and US$ 0.52/l for the smallest capacity (8000 tonnes/year).The sensitive key factors for the economic feasibility of the plant are: raw material price, plant capacity, glycerol price and capital cost.Overall conclusion is that the process can compete with the existing alkali and acid catalyzed processes.Especially for the conversion of waste cooking oil to biodiesel, the supercritical process is an interesting technical and economical alternative.