区域环境司法协作的理论溯源与制度回应——以长三角地区为例

区域环境司法协作是区域环境资源审判一体化发展的重要面向。而区域环境司法协作的运行机理在于对生态环境整体主义的遵循、对司法理性所蕴含的价值目标的践行以及对协同理论的运用。目前,长三角地区在区域环境司法协作方面已经进行了积极探索,但仍面临着法治实践异化、制度生态化不足、保障机制缺乏等问题。本文建议区域环境司法协作应在把握司法权属性基础上恰当处理政策与法律的互动关系,加强协作制度体系对生态环境利益的考量和保护,并通过信息、人员与考核等保障机制充分激发协作主体的内生动力和活力。     

浅析高职院校校企合作办学模式

校企合作有其发展的理论基础、历史必然性和优越性,是经济发展对职业教育提出的客观要求,是职业教育必走的道路。目前我国高职院校校企合作存在内容和形式参差不齐,企业缺乏积极性,学校实力不足以及国家缺乏制度保障的问题,必须通过提高企业积极性,增强学校的师资力量,制定相应的法律法规和树立校企合作发展的观念来改善我国高职院校校企合作的现状。     

Auditing International Environmental Agreements: The Role of Supreme Audit Institutions

Environmental problems are often transboundary in nature. International cooperation to solve them has resulted in a growing number of environmental agreements. Supreme Audit Institutions, which are the highest national audit institutions in a country and are responsible for auditing the regularity of governmental expenditure and receipts, can contribute to the success of international cooperation by auditing government compliance with international environmental obligations and commitments. This is a new challenge for supreme audit institutions. To encourage and support this work a Workgroup on Environmental Auditing of the International Organisation of Supreme Audit Institutions has developed guidelines, which are presented in this article. The possible practical role of audit institutions is illustrated by the audit on the Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Ships, in which eight European audit institutions cooperated. This article is published in a personal capacity and does not necessarily reflect the views of the Netherlands Court of Audit.     

国家“十二五”环保产业预测及政策分析

基于最近10年我国环保产业的发展状况,结合环境保护"十二五"规划战略研究,预测了"十二五"全国环境保护投资和环保产业的需求,识别了重点环保产业发展领域的投资需求和技术需求。预测表明,我国"十二五"环保投资约为3.1万亿元,占同期GDP的1.35%,环保产业产值为4.92万亿元,带动治理设施运行服务费用1.05万亿元,环保产业就业512万人。最后提出了"十二五"期间建议重点突破影响环保产业发展"瓶颈"的若干政策。     

中国实施规划环评可能出现的问题及其解决方法

目前在我国实施规划环境影响评价存在2种方式,即自我评价和第三方评价.本文分别就其适用对象、介入规划的时机等问题进行了探讨,认为自我评价可以更好地实现 "早期介入"、"多方案比选、优化"等规划环评的重要原则.同时,还对替代方案的概念、作用,规划环评的方法及公众参与在规划环评中的作用等问题进行了初步探讨.     

“十五”期间总站重点建设工作设想

根据总站的职责 ,结合总站的现实条件 ,提出了“十五”期间总站的四大重点建设工作 ,一是加快总站现代化建设步伐 ,建成全国环境质量研究中心、全国环境监测数据现代化监控中心、具有国际水平的环境监测分析测试中心、全国生态环境监测遥感应用中心、全国环境监测仪器质量监督检验中心等五个中心 ,建设现代化的总站业务大楼 ;二是强化监测基础技术的系统研究 ;三是培养监测领域专家和学科带头人 ;四是提升总站的现代化管理水平。     

Opportunities for better use of collective action theory in research and governance for invasive species management

Controlling invasive species presents a public-good dilemma. Although environmental, social, and economic benefits of control accrue to society, costs are borne by only a few individuals and organizations. For decades, policy makers have used incentives and sanctions to encourage or coerce individual actors to contribute to the public good, with limited success. Diverse, subnational efforts to collectively manage invasive plants, insects, and animals provide effective alternatives to traditional command-and-control approaches. Despite this work, there has been little systematic evaluation of collective efforts to determine whether there are consistent principles underpinning success. We reviewed 32 studies to identify the extent to which collective-action theories from related agricultural and environmental fields explain collaborative invasive species management approaches; describe and differentiate emergent invasive species collective-action efforts; and provide guidance on how to enable more collaborative approaches to invasive species management. We identified 4 types of collective action aimed at invasive species—externally led, community led, comanaged, and organizational coalitions—that provide blueprints for future invasive species management. Existing collective-action theories could explain the importance attributed to developing shared knowledge of the social-ecological system and the need for social capital. Yet, collection action on invasive species requires different types of monitoring, sanctions, and boundary definitions. We argue that future government policies can benefit from establishing flexible boundaries that encourage social learning and enable colocated individuals and organizations to identify common goals, pool resources, and coordinate efforts.     

基于GIS的港口总体规划景观生态学分析

以营口港为例,基于GIS的港口总体规划景观结构分析,结合景观生态学指数,分析了港口地区景观结构在规划实施前后的特征及其变化,并探讨了港区景观结构变化对海岸带生态过程可能产生的影响.结果显示,营口港规划的实施将不会从根本上改变当地海岸带生态系统的景观特性,但仍可能产生一定的影响,主要表现为人工类型斑块面积及其所占比例将有较大幅度的增长,人工类型斑块的破碎度指数略有下降,其分布将更趋于一体化.研究还表明,在GIS的支持下,进行港口总体规划的景观结构分析完全可行,有助于分析港口建设所可能产生的景观生态学效应,值得进一步研究和探讨.      

一起氰化物泄漏事故应急处置措施预后效果追踪及其有效性探讨

采取何种应急措施对在复杂条件下意外泄漏的固态氰化钠进行处理尚无相关案例可借鉴.提出在复杂条件下采用碱性氯化法有效地处置泄漏固体氰化物的应急方案,对于类似事故的处置具有一定的借鉴和参考作用.     

TiO2／Ni PECO体系降解DMP的动力学和光电协同作用研究

以采用微波辅助法制备的TiO2／Ni光电极为阳极,纤维状石墨毡材料（graphite felt,GF）为阴极,饱和甘汞电极（saturated calomel electrode,SCE）为参比电极建立TiO2／Ni光电催化氧化（PECO）体系。以邻苯二甲酸二甲酯（dimethy phthalate,DMP）为目标物,研究其光电催化降解反应动力学和光电协同作用。结果显示：DMP的降解符合拟一级动力学规律;当DMP初始浓度一定时,影响DMP光电催化降解速率的因素由强到弱依次为：催化剂有效面积,紫外光强度,曝氧速率,外加偏转电压等。实验证明本体系中光电之间具有协同作用。