现阶段国内外城市固体废弃物的治理技术与治理概况

城市固体废弃物是人们在工业生产活动、生活活动及商业活动中所产生的固体废物,这种废物随着国民经济的发展、人口的增长、人民生活水平的提高,数量不断增加。它破坏了市容,污染环境,给人民健康带来了极大的危害,因此,需加以处置和处理。本文将系统地介绍现阶段国内外城市固体废弃物的现状及处理技术,并针对我国国情,提出合理化的处理方案。     

A model for improving endangered species recovery programs

This paper discusses common organizational problems that cause inadequate planning and implementation processes of endangered species recovery across biologically dissimilar species. If these problems occur, even proven biological conservation techniques are jeopardized. We propose a solution that requires accountability in all phases of the restoration process and is based on cooperative input among government agencies, nongovernmental conservation organizations, and the academic community. The first step is formation of a task-oriented recovery team that integrates the best expertise into the planning process. This interdisciplinary team should be composed of people whose skills directly address issues critical for recovery. Once goals and procedures are established, the responsible agency (for example, in the United States, the US Fish and Wildlife Service) could divest some or all of its obligation for implementing the plan, yet still maintain oversight by holding implementing entities contractually accountable. Regular, periodic outside review and public documentation of the recovery team, lead agency, and the accomplishments of implementing bodies would permit evaluation necessary to improve performance. Increased cooperation among agency and nongovernmental organizations provided by this model promises a more efficient use of limited resources toward the conservation of biodiversity.     

The Four Cs of disaster partnering: communication,cooperation, coordination and collaboration

Public, nonprofit and private organisations respond to large‐scale disasters domestically and overseas. Critics of these assistance efforts, as well as those involved, often cite poor interorganisational partnering as an obstacle to successful disaster response. Observers frequently call for ‘more’ and ‘better’ partnering. We found important qualitative distinctions existed within partnering behaviours. We identified four different types of interorganisational partnering activities often referred to interchangeably: communication, cooperation, coordination and collaboration—the Four Cs. We derived definitions of the Four Cs from the partnering literature. We then tested them in a case study of the response to the 2010 Haiti earthquake. We suggest that the Four Cs are distinct activities, that organisations are typically strong or weak in one or more for various reasons, and that the four terms represent a continuum of increased interorganisational embeddedness in partnering activities.     

江苏油田西部新区试采初期清洁生产工艺研究

在江苏油田西部新区,大部分油井均地处沙漠边缘或腹地,属于脆弱的沙漠生态环境。对新区试采初期不同施工环节中污染源、污染物进行了分析,针对各种污染物产生的环节,提出了试采初期实施清洁生产的管理和技术方法,并对探区的清洁生产长期规划提出了可行性建议。     

浅议水资源开发利用与可持续发展--以新疆塔里木河下游及艾比湖为例

水是人类生存发展的基本物资,全球水资源状况不容乐观,在人类面临的各种水资源问题中,以不合理地改变水资源的时空分布对可持续发展影响后果最为严重,新疆塔里木河下游及艾比湖的变化说明了这点,为保证科学发展观的贯彻落实,必须做好流域规划并认真贯彻执行.     

地方政府间环保合作机制研究——以海峡西岸城市群为例

区域环境的合作治理在城市群发展的背景下已经成为政府环境保护的重要内容,环保合作事务中各个政府部门的关系、合作的机制、组织行政、效果评估等方面都引起了学者的广泛关注。然而,大部分研究主要关注府际合作中静态的、程式化的制度关系,对合作发展的总体过程、各合作主体之间、事件之间的动态联系研究较少,这将阻碍我们深入理解城市群的环保合作机制。基于此,本文运用过程视角对海峡西岸城市群的合作历程进行梳理,追溯其发展轨迹,对合作主体和议题的演化进行分析,对海西城市群府际之间的动态合作治理机制进行深入挖掘,并针对合作机制的不足提出相应的改善措施。     

《水污染防治行动计划》对环保产业拉动效应的定量分析研究

利用联合国SEEA中关于环保核算的基本理论及方法构建了环保产业外部化的投入产出表,并采用投入产出模型定量分析《水污染防治行动计划》4.6万亿投资对环保产业的拉动作用.实证结果表明:行动计划投资需求将带动环保产业产出增长约1.9万亿,其中直接购买产业产品和服务约1.4万亿,间接带动产出增加约5000亿元,拉动作用将在2017年达到高峰,然后逐年递减.为改善水环境质量,保障国家水体安全起到积极的作用.     

Municipal hazard mitigation planning: a comparison of plans in British Columbia and the United States

This paper examines the extent to which 20 municipalities in the Greater Vancouver region of British Columbia have included provisions in their community plans for reducing natural hazard risk and vulnerability. Findings show that the plans are generally lacking in hazard related factual information, goals, and policies, and in mechanisms to promote plan implementation. The plans also do not compare favorably to municipal hazard mitigation plans in the United States. The authors provide recommendations for provincial/state and municipal governments with respect to improving the quality of municipal plans and their capacity to enhance public safety.     

清洁空气行动计划实施对长三角地区PM_(2.5)污染改善效果模拟评估

为了解长三角地区清洁空气行动计划实施后区域PM2.5的改善效果,在建立2012年长三角地区大气污染物排放清单的基础上,依据上海、江苏、浙江和安徽三省一市行动计划细则,对2013—2017年各省、直辖市主要大气污染物减排量进行测算.利用WRF(天气研究和预报模式)-CMAQ(通用多尺度空气质量模型)系统,模拟研究了清洁空气行动计划实施后可能带来的区域PM2.5改善效果.结果表明:清洁空气行动计划涉及到的能源、工业、交通等六大领域减排任务,按照减排力度强、中、弱3种方案测算,预计长三角地区SO2减排总量分别为74.5×104、53.8×104和34.4×104t;NOx减排总量分别为108.7×104、83.9×104和61.1×104t;一次PM2.5减排总量分别为40.3×104、26.1×104和14.6×104t;挥发性有机污染物(VOCs)的减排总量分别为98.2×104、57.0×104和23.5×104t.模拟评估结果表明,在弱、中、强3种减排方案下,长三角地区国控点ρ(PM2.5)年均值预计比基准年(2013年)分别降低(4.4±1.1)、(8.1±2.4)和(12.5±3.9)μg/m3,降幅分别达到8.7%±2.2%、15.9%±4.7%和24.3%±7.7%.长三角地区须在清洁空气行动计划实施细则指导下,控制新增量,并稳步严格推进前体物强力减排,才能实现2017年预期空气质量改善目标.     

酒精生产企业清洁生产审核的研究与探讨

酒精作为重要的工业原料,它在服务人类的同时,也带来了环境污染,所以需要清洁的生产模式,对污染的产生进行全过程控制.经过多年的探索和实践,清洁生产从新的质量观念出发,其源头削减污染,降低消耗的理念已经被广泛认可.在酒精工业清洁生产审核中,需要找到清洁生产的机会,分析存在的节能降耗和减少污染的潜力,提出环境、经济、技术可行的清洁生产方案.最终通过实施清洁生产方案实现经济效益、环境效益、社会效益的统一.