福州内河水环境问题及综合治理建议

水环境是城市形象的具体体现,是城市规划与建设的一个重要组成部分.随着福州市的经济的不断发展,如何进一步加强福州市的生态建设、科学治理内河污染已成为福州市政府和人民关心的问题,也是环境工作者不可推卸的责任.文章介绍了福州城区内河现状及综合治理情况,分析了其存在的主要问题,并提出了内河水环境综合规划治理措施,为下阶段内河治理提供参考建议.     

济南裕兴化工总厂清洁生产审计

清洁生产审计是清洁生产的前提。根据产品的物料消耗以及废弃物量、环保费用和限期治理的要求 ,确定审计的重点是济南裕兴化工总厂钛白车间。对已产生的污染控制方案依据技术可行性、环境效果、经济效益、实施难度和对生产及产品影响等 5个因素进行筛选 ,共产生污染控制方案 69个。已经实施的无 /低费方案 ,收到了一定的环境效益和经济效益。对 3个中 /高费推荐方案进行技术、环境和经济评估 ,确定先启动钛白废酸浓缩至 40 %除铁后供磷肥配酸方案和钛白酸解尾气系统改造方案     

中小城镇环境规划中循环经济理念的拓展

我国小城镇环境规划作为社会经济发展计划的有机组成部分，是促进城镇的环境管理和可持续发展的重要手段。循环经济是生态型经济，在小城镇环境规划中引入循环经济理念并对其指标和内容进行拓展，目的是实现资源的高效利用和不断循环，使城镇经济发展更适应环境保护和生态循环的需要，是未来重要的发展趋势之一。     

小型实验室管理体系内部审核的策划与实施

针对小型实验室的特点，提出适宜小型实验室实施管理体系内部审核的方法和手段。     

现阶段国内外城市固体废弃物的治理技术与治理概况

城市固体废弃物是人们在工业生产活动、生活活动及商业活动中所产生的固体废物,这种废物随着国民经济的发展、人口的增长、人民生活水平的提高,数量不断增加。它破坏了市容,污染环境,给人民健康带来了极大的危害,因此,需加以处置和处理。本文将系统地介绍现阶段国内外城市固体废弃物的现状及处理技术,并针对我国国情,提出合理化的处理方案。     

A model for improving endangered species recovery programs

This paper discusses common organizational problems that cause inadequate planning and implementation processes of endangered species recovery across biologically dissimilar species. If these problems occur, even proven biological conservation techniques are jeopardized. We propose a solution that requires accountability in all phases of the restoration process and is based on cooperative input among government agencies, nongovernmental conservation organizations, and the academic community. The first step is formation of a task-oriented recovery team that integrates the best expertise into the planning process. This interdisciplinary team should be composed of people whose skills directly address issues critical for recovery. Once goals and procedures are established, the responsible agency (for example, in the United States, the US Fish and Wildlife Service) could divest some or all of its obligation for implementing the plan, yet still maintain oversight by holding implementing entities contractually accountable. Regular, periodic outside review and public documentation of the recovery team, lead agency, and the accomplishments of implementing bodies would permit evaluation necessary to improve performance. Increased cooperation among agency and nongovernmental organizations provided by this model promises a more efficient use of limited resources toward the conservation of biodiversity.     

Making central-local relations work:Comparing America and China environmental governance systems

The challenge of making central requirements work at local levels is a common problem for environmental governance throughout the world. Countries can learn from one another's approaches, but must understand the local context in which they are set. This paper compares the features of the China and US environmental governance systems that need be understood by those working between the systems. Key features include: (1) common values which shape the environmental governance choices in both countries, but which may have different practical meanings in each country; (2) America's common law-based environmental governance system, and China's civil law system, which involves plan(s) as well as law; (3) America's Federal central-local system, and China's unitary central local system. This paper concludes by suggesting areas in which further comparative understanding may be of value, including: (1) better understanding of the role of plan and law in China's governance system; (2) comparing the American Federal-state agreement system for implementation of environmental law with the China central-local system of target responsibility agreements for plan implementation; (3) improving understanding of nongovernmental resources needed to assure compliance with environmental laws and plans; (4) identifying institutions that can coordinate central-local and cross-border environmental governance.     

Utilitarian framings of biodiversity shape environmental impact assessment in development cooperation

Biodiversity is under threat from anthropogenic pressures, in particular in biodiversity-rich developing countries. Development cooperation actors, who traditionally focus on the improvement of socio-economic conditions in the South, are increasingly acknowledging the linkages between poverty and biodiversity, e.g. by referring to the ecosystem services framework. However, there are many different framings which stress the need for biodiversity integration and which influence how biodiversity and development are and/or should be linked. Moreover, there is a gap between the lip service paid to biodiversity integration and the reality of development cooperation interventions. This study analyses how biodiversity framings are reflected in environmental impact assessment (EIA) practice, and how these framings influence EIA and decision-making. The findings, based on an in-depth qualitative analysis of World Bank EIAs undertaken in West Africa, indicate the incoherent quality but also the dominance of the ‘utilitarian’ and ‘corrective’ framings, which respectively stress human use of nature and mitigation of negative unintended development impacts. Identifying and highlighting these discursive trends leads to increased awareness of the importance of biodiversity among all development actors in North and South. However, some framings may lead to an overly narrow human-centred approach which downplays the intrinsic value of biodiversity. This study proposes recommendations for an improved integration of biodiversity in development cooperation, including the need for more systematic baseline studies in EIAs.     

风险评价在规划环境影响评价中的应用

规划环境影响评价(以下简称规划环评)是对规划实施后可能造成的影响进行分析、预测和评价的过程,属于战略影响评价范畴,需要解决区域内项目布局、规模等问题.规划环评中的风险评价应同规划环评的目标相对应,即从源头上对规划中涉及的风险源进行分析并提出预防或减缓风险的方案.比较了规划环评风险评价和建设项目风险评价后指出,规划环评中风险评价的目标主要在于通过对风险源的识别和分析,为整个区域内项目的布局、规模以及土地利用提供合理指导,并对原规划方案进行反馈.总结了风险评价用于规划环评中的特点及其与建设项目风险评价在步骤上的异同,并以平顶山化工城规划环境影响评价中风险评价的内容为例,对风险评价在规划环评中的应用进行了探讨.结果表明,平顶山的风险源对周围地区有一定影响,应考虑部分地区的搬迁工作.