规模化猪场原水氨氮对厌氧微生物活性的影响

通过厌氧毒性测定试验,研究模拟废水及猪场原水氨氮对厌氧微生物活性的影响。结果表明,模拟废水氨氮对厌氧颗粒污泥产甲烷活性的影响具有多重性,当氨氮浓度低于400mg/L时,表现为促进产甲烷作用。当氨氮浓度为800mg/L时,开始表现为抑制产甲烷作用,并且随着氨氮浓度的升高,抑制作用增强。猪场原水在进水浓度下均表现为抑制作用。模拟废水50%抑制浓度为1900.1mg/L,猪场原水50%抑制浓度为1725.9mg/L;在相同的抑制程度下,模拟废水氨氮浓度均高于猪场原水,平均相差594.1mg/L。     

管道防腐行业的粉尘危害及安全评价

在简要介绍管道防腐过程中粉尘的产生及其危害的基础上,采用LEC评价法和马尔柯夫链预测法对粉尘危害进行了安全评价,并提出了具体的防治措施,以保护操作人员的身体健康,确保生产的正常运行。     

Degradation and detoxification of microcystin-LR in drinking water by sequential use of UV and ozone

Microcystins (MCs) produced by cyanobacteria are strong hepatotoxins and classified as possible carcinogens.MCs pose a considerable threat to human health through tainted drinking and surface waters.Herein filtrated water from a waterworks in Harbin,China,was spiked with microcystin-LR (MC-LR) extracted from a toxic scum of microcystis aeruginosa,and the spiked sample waters were treated using UV irradiation with consequent ozonation process (UV/O3),compared with ozonation at a dose range commonly applied in water treatment plants,UV irradiation at 254 nm and UV irradiation combined with ozonation (UV+O3),respectively.The remaining of toxins were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography and also determined using a protein phosphatase type 2A inhibition assay,which was utilized to evaluate the reduction in toxicity.Results indicated that in comparison to other three processes (O3,UV,and UV+O3),UV/O 3 process could effectively decrease both the concentration and toxicity of MC-LR at 100 μg/L level after 5 min UV irradiation with consequent 5 min ozonation at 0.2 mg/L (below 1 μg/L),while 0.5 mg/L ozone dose was required for the level below 0.1 μg/L.The addition of an UV treatment step to the existing treatment train may induce significant transformation of micropollutants and breaks down the natural organic matters into moieties unfavorable for ozone decomposition,stabilizing the ozone residual.These findings suggested that sequential use of UV and ozone may be a suitable method for the removal of these potentially hazardous microcystins from drinking water.     

Sugar receptor response of the food-canal taste sensilla in a nectar-feeding swallowtail butterfly, Papilio xuthus

The feeding behavior in nectar-feeding insects is triggered by a sugar-receptor response in contact chemosensilla. The contact chemosensilla are distributed not only on tarsi and the outside of the proboscis but also on the inside of the food canal in Lepidoptera. Although the chemosensilla inside the food canal are assumed to detect sweet taste during the passage of nectar through the food canal, their electrophysiological function has received little attention. In the nectar-feeding Asian swallowtail butterfly, Papilio xuthus (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae), we found 15- to 30-μm-long sensilla neatly lined up along the inside galea wall, which forms the food canal in the proboscis. The receptor neurons of these sensilla responded to sucrose. We hypothesized that starch and sucrose compete with each other for a taste receptor site on the sensilla. When we added starch and sucrose to the food-canal sensilla, the electrophysiological responses of food-canal sensilla were inhibited in parallel with the food-sucking behavior of the butterflies. These results suggest that the food-canal sensilla are involved in the behavioral control of nectar-sucking in this butterfly species.     

常减压装置自燃危险分析及对策

通过对常减压装置内介质温度和自燃点的比较分析,绘制装置自燃危险分析图,确定自燃危险的重点防护区,并提出对策措施。     

腐蚀损伤对LY12CZ铝合金疲劳寿命的影响研究

对LY12CZ铝合金在EXCO溶液中进行了不同时间的加速腐蚀。通过扫描电镜研究不同腐蚀时间后LY12CZ铝合金的腐蚀损伤,腐蚀损伤的严重程度用腐蚀面积率和腐蚀深度描述。通过对比性疲劳试验获得了腐蚀损伤对LY12CZ铝合金疲劳寿命的影响,为飞机日历寿命评定和飞机结构腐蚀的研究提供了试验依据。     

典型铝合金在江津自然大气环境中的腐蚀行为研究

通过在我国江津典型工业污染大气环境进行大气暴晒实验,测定了1060纯铝、2A12铝合金和7A04铝合金在该地区的腐蚀速率,利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、能量色散X射线谱（EDX）、红外光谱（FT—IR）和X射线衍射仪（XRD）观察分析3种铝合金腐蚀表面形貌、元素分布和腐蚀产物结构。结果表明：随腐蚀时间的延长,铝及其合金腐蚀产物不断增多,失重数值增加,腐蚀失重与时间的关系呈幂函数规律（C—A t^n）;腐蚀产物形貌呈块状或粒状,呈现不均匀的凹凸形貌;腐蚀产物主要为Al（OH）3和Al2（SO4）3·14H2O;耐蚀性能由强至弱依次为1060〉2A12〉7A04。     

PAN dust explosion inhibition mechanisms of NaHCO3 and Al(OH)3

We investigate the PAN dust explosion inhibition behaviors of NaHCO₃ and Al(OH)₃ in a 20 L spherical explosion system and a transparent pipe explosion propagation test system. The results show that, in the standard 20 L spherical explosion system, the highest PAN dust explosion concentration is 500 g/m³, the maximum explosion pressure is 0.661 MPa, and the maximum explosion pressure increase rate is 31.64 MPa/s; adding 50% NaHCO₃ and 60% Al(OH)₃ can totally inhibit PAN dust explosion. In the DN0.15 m transparent pipe explosion propagation test system, for 500 g/m³ PAN dust, the initial explosion flame velocity is 102 m/s, the initial pressure is 0.46 MPa, and the initial temperature is 967 °C; adding 60% NaHCO₃ and 70% Al(OH)₃ can totally inhibit PAN dust explosion flames. Through FTIR and TG analyses, we obtain the explosion products and pyrolysis patterns of the explosion products of PAN dust, NaHCO₃, and Al(OH)₃. On this basis, we also summarize the PAN dust explosion inhibition mechanisms of NaHCO₃ and Al(OH)₃.     

Mercury uptake and effects on growth in Jatropha curcas

The use of metal-accumulating plants for the phytoremediation of contaminated soils is gaining more attention. Mercury(Hg)-contaminated soils from historical gold mines represent a potential risk to human health and the environment. Therefore, Jatropha curcas plant, that has shown its tolerance to these environments, is a species of particular interest to implement phytoremediation techniques in gold mining sites. In this work, the behavior of J. curcas was assessed in different hydroponic cultures fortified with Hg at concentrations of 5, 10, 20, 40, and 80 μg Hg/mL(T5, T10, T20, T40 and T80, respectively). After exposure,plant growth, net photosynthesis, leaf area, and Hg accumulation were determined and variables such as net Hg uptake, effective Hg accumulation, translocation and bioaccumulation factors were calculated. Accumulation of Hg in root and leaf tissues increased with respect to the Hg concentrations in the hydroponic culture, with statistically significant differences(p 0.05) among treatments. Moreover, Hg concentration in roots was 7 and 12-fold higher in average than in plant leaves and shoots, respectively. Many effects were found in the development of plants, especially related with loss of biomass and leaf area,with significant growth inhibition related to control values( 50% with treatment T5).Moreover, percentage of inhibition was even higher( 60%) with same treatment for net photosynthesis. Finally, it should be highlighted that for T40 and T80 treatments, plant growth and photosynthesis were almost completely depleted(88%–95%).     

7A52铝合金干湿交替情况下电偶腐蚀行为研究

目的研究海洋环境下7A52铝合金在干湿周浸使用过程中的电偶腐蚀现象。方法实验配制3.5%的Na Cl水溶液浸泡试样,实验周期为504 h,全浸试样作为对比试样,在实验周期内一直浸泡在Na Cl水溶液中。测试试样干湿周浸情况下7A52与5A06,38Cr Si之间的电偶电流及电偶电压,使用SEM分析腐蚀后的表面形貌。结果 7A52-5A06干湿周浸试样电偶电流变化不大,全浸试样电偶电流较初期变化较大,后期电偶电流的大小只有初期电偶电流大小的1/8左右,7A52-38Cr Si全浸试样与干湿交替情况下电偶电流基本相同。随着试验的进行,干湿交替及全浸情况下电偶电流的差异逐渐变大,电偶电流增大约为实验初期的10倍;全浸情况下试样表面腐蚀产物较致密,干湿周浸情况下腐蚀产物较为疏松。结论在3.5%的Na Cl水溶液干湿周浸情况下,7A52-5A06,7A52-38Cr Si的平均电偶腐蚀速度要大于全浸状态下的平均电偶腐蚀速度,干湿周浸情况下,7A52-5A06,7A52-38Cr Si腐蚀后试样表面形态具有较大差异,5A06在相同实验条件下的耐腐蚀性要好于7A52。