农村城镇化进程中非农用地结构变化研究——以江苏省江阴市为例

如何协调经济发达区农村城镇化发展过程中土地占用需求的不断增长与土地占用供给的相对有限性之间的矛盾是关系到经济发达地区社会经济能否实现可持续发展的关键，以经济发达区江苏省江阴市为例，系统描述了苏南地区江阴市经济发展阶段农村城镇化过程中用地结构转换的动态变化过程，伴随着这一过程区域经济产业结构明显升级，土地利用效率也相应提高，但是，从目前江阴市城镇建设与土地资源利用管理现状来看，仍然存在着城镇用地结构与规模不合理，城镇发展与经济发展水平不相适应等问题，必须从这几方面着手，即进一步完善城镇发展规划，合理协调城镇发展与村庄建设的关系；深化城镇土地使用制度改革，提高城镇土地使用效率，调整工业用地布局，促进工业用地的集约利用，制定城镇生产环境发展规划，改善城镇人居环境。     

三峡库区城镇化与移民对农村社会经济的影响——以万州区五桥河流域为例

城镇化与移民对三峡库区农村社会经济环境有重要影响 ,通过运用生态学的物种多样性和生态位理论和方法对五桥河流域作实例研究发现 :区域人口增长方式转为机械增长为主 ,农村农业劳动力向非农产业转移趋势显著。农村产业多样性与农民人均总收入存在非线性关系 ,城镇化与移民使农村产业多样性演替速度加快 ,使农业、工业经济生态位持续下降 ,商业服务业和交通运输业经济生态位持续上升 ,尽管能促进区域绝对经济生态位提高 ,但能否使区域形成与其区位相适应的优势产业体系是相对经济生态位提升的关键     

城市化对新疆绿洲生态环境的影响与对策

随着西部大开发的不断深入。新疆的城市化进程不断加快，城市化水平不断提高；但是，随着新疆城市化的快速发展，新疆城市所处的绿洲区域的资源、环境、生态也将面临前所未有的巨大压力。城市化正在或即将对绿洲生态环境造成现实的破坏和潜在的威胁。因此正确认识城市化给绿洲生态环境所带来的影响，并在此基础上提出消除不利影响的对策。合理规划和发展绿洲城市是关系到新疆绿洲可持续发展的重要问题。     

快速城市化过程中的南京市生态环境可持续发展研究

以南京市为例,探讨了快速城市化过程中出现的一系列城市生态环境问题,并分析了这些问题产生的原因,最后提出了积极推行清洁生产,创建循环经济体系,建设城市绿地景观,优化产业结构,加强环境执法力度、提高环境管理水平等5项生态环境可持续发展对策。     

江西省城市化发展与土地利用研究

土地是人类社会赖以生存与发展的重要的自然资源之一。城市化作为当今世界的重要的社会经济现象。是对土地利用目标能否实现构成关键性影响的因素之一。拟从城市化发展角度出发。研究江西省的城市化发展与土地利用之间的内在联系。发现与分析存在的问题。提出解决城市化进程中土地利用的对策。     

新中国城镇化的回顾和启示

在阐述研究和制定可持续城镇化战略和政策的重要性之后，首先回顾了新中国城镇化发展的历程，然后论述了现阶段城镇化的主要特征，最后阐述了新中国城镇化的若千启示。这些启示包括：①工业化伴随城镇化是不以人们意志为转移的客观规律，城镇化的根基中工业化、服务业和经济的发展；②大城市超前发展是城镇化的规律，都市连绵区是城镇发展的高级形态，要让大城市充分发展，要对都市连绵区加强引导，建立和完善协调机制；③大城市周边地区是非农就业人口增长最快的地方，也是规划和建设薄弱的地方，必须及早关注；④小城镇要有适当规模，不能追求数量，要关注农村工业化的发展；⑤减轻城乡贫困是快速健康城镇化的基石；⑥快速城镇化过程中，要注意保护环境，防止生态退化。     

Mortality from road traffic accidents in a rapidly urbanizing Chinese city: A 20-year analysis in Shenzhen, 1994–2013

Objective: This study aimed to describe the trends of motorization and mortality rates from road traffic accidents and examine their associations in a rapidly urbanizing city in China, Shenzhen.

Methods: Using data from the Shenzhen Deaths Registry between 1994 and 2013, we calculated the annual mortality rates of road traffic accidents, in addition to the age- and sex-specific mortality rates and their annual percentage changes (APCs) for the period of 2000–2013. We also examined the associations between mortality rate of road traffic accidents and traffic growth with Spearman's rank correlation analysis and a log-linear model derived from Smeed's law.

Results: A total of 20,196 deaths due to road traffic accidents, including 14,391 (71.3%) male deaths and 5,805 (28.7%) female deaths, were recorded in Shenzhen from 1994 to 2013. The annual mortality rates in terms of deaths per population and deaths per vehicle changed in similar patterns, demonstrating an increase since 1994 and peaking in 1997, followed by a steady decrease thereafter. The decrease in mortality was faster in individuals aged 20 year or older compared to those younger than 20 years. The mortality rates in term of deaths per population were positively correlated with the total number of vehicles per kilometer of road but negatively correlated with the motorization rate in term of vehicles per population. The estimated model for deaths due to road traffic accidents in relation to the total population and the number of registered vehicles was ln (deaths/10,000 vehicles) = ?1.902 × ln (vehicles/population) ? 1.961. The coefficient was statistically significant (P < .001) and the coefficient of determination was 0.966, indicating a good model fit.

Conclusions: We described a generally decreasing trend in the mortality rates of road traffic accidents in a rapidly urbanizing Chinese city based observations in the 20-year period from 1994 to 2013. The decreased mortality rate may be explained by the expansion of road network construction, improved road safety regulations and management, as well as more accessible ambulance services in recent years. Nevertheless, road traffic accidents remain a universal problem of great public health concern in the whole population.     

Channel Evolution Model of Semiarid Stream Response to Urban‐Induced Hydromodification1

Hawley, Robert J., Brian P. Bledsoe, Eric D. Stein, and Brian E. Haines, 2012. Channel Evolution Model of Semiarid Stream Response to Urban‐Induced Hydromodification. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 48(4): 722‐744. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752‐1688.2012.00645.x Abstract: We present a novel channel evolution model (CEM) that qualitatively describes morphologic responses of semiarid channels to altered hydrologic and sediment regimes associated with urbanization (hydromodification). The CEM is based on southern California data from 83 detailed channel surveys, hundreds of synoptic surveys, and historical analyses of aerial photographs along 14 reaches. Channel evolution sometimes follows the well‐known sequence described by Schumm et al. (Incised Channels: Morphology, Dynamics, and Control, Water Resources Publications, Littleton, Colorado, 1984) for incising, single‐thread channels; however, departures from this sequence are common and include transitions of single thread to braided evolutionary endpoints, as opposed to a return to quasi‐equilibrium single‐thread planform. Thresholds and risk factors associated with observed channel response are also presented. In particular, distance to grade control and network position emerged as key controls on channel response trajectory. The CEM and quantitative extensions provide managers with a framework for understanding channel responses and rehabilitation alternatives, and may be transferable to other semiarid settings. It also offers insights regarding channel susceptibility to hydromodification, highlights key boundary conditions for high‐risk channels, and underscores critical knowledge gaps in predicting the complex, discontinuous response trajectories that are highly prevalent in urbanized watersheds.     

宜居地球、碳中和与全球可持续城市化

人类世标志人类活动已经对地球系统产生重要影响。全球大规模城市化过程伴随碳排放快速增加和下垫面改变,对地球表层影响加剧,地球宜居性遭受破坏。碳中和是应对气候变化的国际共识、建设宜居地球的关键举措。基于多源数据对全球大规模城市化的地理格局与演化过程进行多维度刻画,对碳排放与城市化关联进行初步分析。主要结论如下：（1）全球城市化进程持续推进,城乡人口结构增长呈分化趋势,城市规模结构整体增长,规模增长的空间热点集中在东南亚以及非洲中东部等地区,越来越多的人口生活在大城市。（2）全球城镇用地显著增长,自1992年的36.4 km²增长至2018年的79.3万 km²,增长率达126.0%。同期,亚洲增长占比45.4%,是全球城镇用地扩张的主要地区。（3）伴随快速城市化全球能源碳排放迅速增长,2018年碳排放量达到376.7亿t CO₂,自1970年增长219.1亿t CO₂,其中,结构上电力部门增长占比45.8%、地区上亚洲增长占比84.3%。城市化率、人均GDP与人均碳排放关联呈分异特征,高城市化率、高收入国家间分异显著。呼吁建立跨学科的协同研究,探究“碳中和—宜居地球—可持续城市化”的关联关系,认识可持续城市化对于碳中和目标的潜力。     

Study on Economic growth,Urbanization and Sustainable Utilization of Cultivated Land in China

By means of the dynamic regression model, this paper analyzes the relationships among economic growth, urbanization and changes of cultivated land in China, finds that the ratio of cultivated land occupied by economic growth is decreasing with social and economic growth. And, based on that, some policy suggestions on how to promote the sustainable use of cultivated land in China are put forward.