不境安全预警和应急监测体系建设探讨

本文介绍了环境应急监测的性质和特点,阐述了环境安全预警和应急监测网络体系的建设情况,从制度、人员、仪器装备建设方面来加强环境安全预警和应急监测能力建设,并做好应急监测的日常准备工作,提高应急监测能力,构建良好的应急监测体系。     

城市缓流水体的生物强化净化技术

城市缓流水体因其受城市发展的影响大、自身流动性小和自净能力弱的特点 ,正处于被人为破坏而面临消失之中。而生物净化技术是根据水体自净的原理而设计和开发的污染水体净化技术。本文列举了国内外城市污染水体常用的生物净化技术的特点及应用情况 ,指出了各种生物净化技术在实际应用中的不足和发展前景 ,为我国城市水体的治理提供参考     

Particle size distribution and removal in the chemical-biological flocculation process

The particle characterization from the influent and effluent of a chemical-biological flocculation (CBF) process was studied with a laser diffraction device. Water samples from a chemically enhanced primary treatment (CEPT) process and a primary sediment tank process were also analyzed for comparison. The results showed that CBF process was not only effective for both the big size particles and small size particles removal, but also the best particle removal process in the three processes. The results also indicated that CBF process was superior to CEPT process in the heavy metals removal. The high and non-selective removal for heavy metals might be closely related to its strong ability to eliminate small particles. Samples from different locations in CBF reactors showed that small particles were easier to aggregate into big ones and those disrupted flocs could properly flocculate again along CBF reactor because of the biological flocculation.     

静态条件下沉水植物净化污水厂尾水能力研究

为了解沉水植物对污水处理厂尾水水质净化效果,研究了滇池流域常见的5种沉水植物对昆明市第五污水处理厂尾水的净化能力。通过室外模拟、实验室测定,分析了单一种沉水植物对水环境质量的改善能力。结果表明:5种沉水植物均有一定能力去除水体中总磷、总氮、氨氮、COD,但随着沉水植物的生长,其叶片的腐烂分解又提高了水体氮磷等有机物的含量。该研究从水体水质的多个指标可见,苦草、马来眼子菜和金鱼藻在各方面表现能力均较强,可作为滇池流域河道水体修复优先选用的物种。以污水厂活性污泥和红壤混合物作为底质,在静态条件下菹草和浮叶眼子菜在污水厂尾水中很难长期存活下来,作为构建富营养化水体生态修复方案还需进一步研究。     

Sharing conservation burdens fairly

We examined how, from the point of view of justice, the burdens of paying for conservation should be shared. I resisted simple answers to the question of who should pay for conservation that lean on a single moral principle. I identified 3 relevant principles that relate to who causes conservation challenges, who has greater capacity to carry burdens, and who stands to benefit from conservation. I argue for a distinctive pluralist framework for allocating conservation burdens that grants a proper role to all 3 principles. A multistep process can be used to put the framework into practice. First, identify cases in which conservation is necessary. Second, consider whether people knew or could have been expected to anticipate the consequences of their activities and whether they had reasonable alternatives to acting the way they did. Third, turn to facts about benefits; when no culprit for conservation challenges can be found, ask who benefits from acts of conservation. In the second and third stages, consideration must also be given to ability to pay.     

Cultivating Creativity in Conservation Science

Conservation practitioners and scientists are often faced with seemingly intractable problems in which traditional approaches fail. While other sectors (e.g., business) frequently emphasize creative thinking to overcome complex challenges, creativity is rarely identified as an essential skill for conservationists. Yet more creative approaches are urgently needed in the effort to sustain Earth's biodiversity. We identified 4 strategies to develop skills in creative thinking and discuss underlying research and examples supporting each strategy. First, by breaking down barriers between disciplines and surrounding oneself with unfamiliar people, concepts, and perspectives, one can expand base knowledge and experiences and increase the potential for new combinations of ideas. Second, by meeting people where they are (both literally and figuratively), one exposes oneself to new environments and perspectives, which again broadens experiences and increases ability to communicate effectively with stakeholders. Third, by embracing risk responsibly, one is more likely to develop new, nontraditional solutions and be open to high‐impact outcomes. Finally, by following a cycle of learning, struggle, and reflection, one can trigger neurophysiological changes that allow the brain to become more creative. Creativity is a learned trait, rather than an innate skill. It can be actively developed at both the individual and institutional levels, and learning to navigate the relevant social and practical barriers is key to the process. To maximize the success of conservation in the face of escalating challenges, one must take advantage of what has been learned from other disciplines and foster creativity as both a professional skill and an essential component of career training and individual development. Cultivando la Creatividad en la Ciencia de la Conservación     

全基因组重测序研究长期铬胁迫对希瓦氏菌MR-1的影响机制

在实验室纯培养条件下,设计了希瓦氏菌MR-1在恒定浓度Cr（VI）和Cr（Ⅲ）环境中长期胁迫120d实验,探讨了胁迫后的菌株对Cr（VI）的还原能力和生长情况,采用电化学分析仪表征其电化学性质的变化,并且利用全基因组重测序技术分析了不同条件胁迫后不同阶段的菌株基因变异信息.结果表明,Cr（VI）长期胁迫下明显提高了菌株对Cr（VI）的耐受性和还原能力,在38h左右能完全还原初始Cr（VI）浓度55mg/L;在电位-0.2V还原峰附近,细胞色素c与核黄素的结合作用有明显差异;通过重测序结果发现,Cr（VI）长期胁迫下的菌株发生突变的基因点位明显高于Cr（Ⅲ）环境.Cr（Ⅲ）环境胁迫下的非同义突变基因主要集中在葡萄糖转化及合成相关功能的基因、编码呼吸链酶和合成ATP酶的相关基因、编码信号转导和跨膜转运蛋白相关基因,Cr（VI）环境胁迫120d后,主要涉及细胞膜组分基因,转运蛋白、信号转导相关基因,DNA合成、修复相关基因和氧化还原活性相关.     

基于动态能力理论的维修综合能力评估研究

基于动态能力理论分析框架,将其与航空公司维修部门的实际情况相结合,提出了将维修综合能力评估分为配置资源的能力与部门拥有的资源上下两个层次的新的结构评估方法。建立了同时具有动态性与能力性的评估指标体系,并将动态能力理论中的过程、定位、路径用于配置资源的能力分析中。通过分析发现这种结合不仅使指标体系的划分拥有了先进的理论依据,而且也克服了传统指标体系研究缺乏动态性与能力性的局限。研究结果表明利用新的评估结构建立的指标体系是可行的,为维修综合能力评估提供了拥有先进理论依据的新思路。     

一流本科专业建设背景下的安全工程实践教学探索

为探索一流本科专业建设背景下安全工程专业实践教学新模式,增强安全工程专业学生的创新精神和实践能力,分析河北工业大学安全工程专业实践教学数据.指出实践教学在专业实验、课程设计以及实习环节中存在的问题,针对这些问题提出并实施增加综合实验比例、组织课程设计规划教材编写、采取校企双赢模式共建实习基地、构建"双实操,一参观"过程...     

环境类专业本科实践教学创新体系的构建与实践

如何培养兼具技术综合应用能力与科技创新能力的复合型人才,是目前环境类专业人才培养的重点和难点。为适应形势发展的需要,华中科技大学以本科生工程实践能力与科技创新能力培养为核心,构建了环境类专业本科实践教学创新体系,在工程实践教学领域进行了一系列的综合改革与尝试,取得了显著的成效。本文详细介绍了环境类专业本科实践教学创新体系的基本构成、构建方法、运行机制和实践效果,为国内高等工科院校相近及相关专业的实践教学环节改革提供了参考与借鉴。