对新农村建设中农信社业务发展的思考

面对农村金融市场日益激烈的竞争环境和新农村建设对农信社业务发展提出的新要求,农信社要更加关注、全面分析业务发展中存在的问题,树立支农新理念;重视市场调研,准确定位;加大业务发展创新力度;强化服务水平和质量,以加快农信社业务的发展。     

企业环保信用评价政策实施研究

2013年《企业环境信用评价办法(试行)》印发后,各地在健全环保信用评价制度上做了不少探索,一些专家、学者也对企业环保信用评价制度做了一些研究,但针对全国实施情况和地区实施差异性的总体研究和深度总结较少。本文在系统搜集我国31个省、自治区、直辖市所发布的企业环保信用评价政策文件的基础上,从评价范围、评价方法和评价结果等方面对结合地方特点制订的21份文件进行剖析,并对政策实施效果及执行中存在的问题进行总结归纳,最后提出加快立法进度、完善政策体系和强化结果应用等对策建议。     

对我国商业银行理性发展住房信贷业务的探讨

随着国家宏观调控政策的不断出台,商业银行作为房地产业的主要融资部门,作为政策的执行者之一,为了房地产业的健康发展,应在防范风险的前提下,理性地发展住房信贷业务.     

Calculating Biologically Accurate Mitigation Credits: Insights from the California Tiger Salamander

Abstract:  Current conservation mitigation plans often fail to ensure full in-kind habitat replacement for endangered species, which suggests the need for improved methods for calculating mitigation credits. A simple, yet biologically meaningful method for calculating mitigation credits would be to let the number of mitigation credits assigned to a parcel of land scale with the reproductive value of the individuals occupying that parcel. This can be accomplished by dividing the population into 2 or more subdivisions with different reproductive values, calculating the densities of these subdivisions as a function of one or more habitat parameters, and then forming a weighted sum of these densities such that each density distribution is weighted by the reproductive value of its respective subdivision of the population. This weighted sum is the density distribution of reproductive value, and by integrating it over a particular parcel, one can determine the mitigation value of that parcel. We carried out this procedure for a population of California tiger salamanders ( Ambystoma californiense ), with distance from breeding site as our habitat parameter and the 3 visually identifiable age classes (adults, juveniles, and metamorphs) as our population subdivisions. This led to a density distribution of reproductive value that decreased exponentially with increasing distance from a breeding site. Mitigation strategies derived from this function will be more likely to ensure the persistence of California tiger salamander populations than current approaches, which assign all land within 1.6 km of a breeding site the same mitigation value. Use of the density distribution of reproductive value as a basis for mitigation plans is a procedure that can be applied to all endangered species, and it should improve the quality of mitigation decisions.     

温室气体自愿性减排市场现状及其在中国的前景

自愿性减排（Voluntary emission reduction,VER）是指完全出于自愿的、相关法律没有要求或者超过法律要求的温室气体或者大气污染物的减排行为,是近年来最重要的温室气体减排的新兴形式之一。本文概述了自愿性减排与自愿性碳市场（Voluntary carbon markets）的特征,从目前国际上自愿碳市场的交易变化、采用标准、登记与交易等方面总结了自愿性碳交易演变趋势,探讨了我国自愿碳市场发展中存在的问题和前景,并提出了相应建议。     

Sociopolitical Conditions for Successful Water Quality Trading in the South Nation River Watershed,Ontario, Canada1

O’Grady, Dennis, 2011. Sociopolitical Conditions for Successful Water Quality Trading in the South Nation River Watershed, Ontario, Canada. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 47(1):39‐51. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752‐1688.2010.00511.x Abstract: The South Nation River watershed has a regulated water quality trading program. Legally, wastewater dischargers must not discharge any increased loading of phosphorus (P) into receiving waters. New wastewater systems are now choosing trading instead of traditional P removal technology, and point source dischargers are buying P credits from rural landowners, primarily farmers. These credits are generated by constructing nonpoint source pollution control measures. Mathematical formulae are used to calculate the credits of P removed by each measure. A successful trading program requires several conditions, including community agreement, legislative backing, credit and cost certainty, simplified delivery and verification, written instruments, and legal liability protection. South Nation Conservation, a community‐based watershed organization, is the broker handling the transactions for these P credits. The program is run by a multi‐stakeholder committee, and all project field visits are done by farmers and not paid professionals. An independent evaluation showed higher opinions for the broker and regulatory agency, and most farmers were willing to, or had already, recommended the program to other farmers.     

Lasso-Cox模型在个人信用风险评估中的应用

借鉴Lasso模型和Cox模型的优点创建Lasso-Cox模型,用以评估个人借款者的信用风险,并利用个人借款者的数据进行实证分析,比较不同模型的预测精度。结果表明:(1)单一Cox模型的预测准确度高于Logistic回归模型,而Lasso-Cox模型的预测精度达95.76%,远高于单一Cox模型。(2)考虑宏观环境对个人经济的影响,发现将宏观变量纳入模型后预测精度有明显的提升,其中Lasso-Cox模型预测精度高达98.88%。     

中国的生态服务消费与生态债务研究

人类无节制的消费正在耗尽自然生态资本,危及未来繁荣。1980—2005年,尽管生物生产力提高途径使中国人均生物承载力倍增至1.15 ghm2,但由于社会经济代谢对生态服务需求的强烈增长特别是化石能源消费的快速增长,人均生态债务持续扩大,2005年达到1.02 ghm2。我们的生态足迹已经超出生物更新能力的89%。省份尺度上,中国85%以上的省份长期处于生态负债状态,目前仅海南、福建与西藏三省是生态盈余的。中国及其大多数省份的生态债务本质上属于软债务,主要系生态服务供需存在空间的、时间的以及组分结构的矛盾造成的。这部分债务可通过跨区贸易及跨时占用的途径得以缓解。土地资源赋存约束与经济旺盛增长耦合作用,致使生态信贷紧缩已成为中国的一个全国性挑战。在自然资本普遍成为世界各国发展限制因子的背景下,中国全面推行科学发展观,积极扭转生态信贷紧缩,遏止生态衰退。     

贵州省发展绿色金融的思考与建议

本文主要研究的是作为内陆省份的贵州长期经济欠发达,工业落后,金融产业也没有得到蓬勃发展,而近几年兴起的"绿色金融",即将环境保护、可持续发展纳入银行贷款及审批过程,有望改善贵州的金融行业现状,并促使其得到健康持续的发展。当然,发展"绿色金融"也有赖于政府的牵头与推动,完善银行准入及考核机制,并制定推出相关法律法规。本文从贵州的金融发展现状展开分析,并对"绿色金融"的概念与目前的发展现状进行梳理探讨,最后提出发展"绿色金融"的几点建议以供参考。     

Reduction in ecological cost through biofuel production from cooking oils: An ecological solution for the city of Campinas, Brazil

The aim of the present study was to produce biodiesel from mixtures of cooking oil and provide a possible environmental solution for the region of Campinas (state of São Paulo, Brazil) based on the theory of environmental cost accounting (ECA). Cooking oil collected from homes in Campinas was mixed with ethanol at a ratio of 7:1 and transesterified at 60 °C for one hour for the obtainment of biodiesel using NaOH as a catalyst. The results of the physicochemical analyses demonstrated that the biodiesel possessed characteristics close to those required by Brazilian standards. A recent survey carried out in the city of Campinas revealed that residents are not concerned with the increased of environmental impact and ecological costs in the region caused by the disposal of used cooking oil, which is discarded in sewers and soil. Urgent action is recommended, beginning with raising awareness among the population and the implementation of a policy to determine the storage, periodic collection and use of cooking oil for the production of biodiesel. This fuel could be used for buses, trucks and machines or sold to fuel distributors, offering a savings of US$ 0.8 to 4.5 millions. Campinas could then gain environmental credits and become a sustainable city. Moreover, used cooking oil constitutes low-cost biodiesel with no consumption of raw materials and will reduce worldwide criticism directed at Brazil regarding the use of oleaginous plants for biodiesel production.