特稠油污水处理技术研究

采用自己研究的药剂对辽河油田稠油污水进行破乳和净水试验，找出了主要影响因素，确定了处理工艺的操作条件。结果表明，使用破乳剂DI，可使油的回收率大于99％；絮凝剂A中添加了收缩絮体的化学药剂和B之后作为净水剂，使积杂量小于5％（体积比）。同时，处理后的水完全达到辽河油田要求的指标，即油含量小于5mg/L，积杂量小于15mg/L。     

关于国际油污赔偿基金组织索赔手册

介绍了国际油污赔偿基金组织索赔手册的主要内容，包括法律框架、索赔的提出以及可以得到的赔偿等。     

复合裂解高效提取菜油脚—皂脚脂肪酸

为了解决高效提取菜油脚—皂脚脂肪酸的技术关键,显著提高菜油脚—皂脚脂基裂解率和脂肪酸得率,提出水解― 醇解、皂化复合裂解清洁工艺．结果表明,脂基裂解率98％ ,脂肪酸得率96 ％ ,芥酸纯度95 ％ ．最佳工艺条件及其影响显著性程度为：水与菜油脚—皂脚体积比3:1（ 影响显著） ,水解时间12h（ 影响显著） ,水解温度190℃,黑脚醇解－ 皂化时间8h．     

调理剂对污泥中石油降解速率的影响

试验研究了添加不同调理剂及不同量调理剂对污泥中石油生物降解的影响。结果表明：添加调理剂可以显著地提高石油生物降解速率；几种调理剂之间比较，以木为最好，蛭石次之，稻草再次之。添加６％的调理剂，在室温下培养１２０ｄ，污泥中石油残留量减少了近７０％。     

催化裂化废水连续萃取脱酚研究

选用焦化粗柴油为萃取剂，在转盘萃取搭连续试验装置中，对催化裂化含酚废水进行脱酚预处理。结果表明，用焦化粗柴油做萃取剂，进水ｐＨ值为８０～９０不加调节；油水比（体积比）１７∶１～２１∶１；转盘转数１１００ｒ／ｍｉｎ，酚萃取脱除率达到８５％以上。萃取后的粗柴油依据现有工艺而进行加氢精制，不需进行再生等后处理。整个萃取工艺简单易行，能满足预处理的要求     

The Kinetics of Interesterfication on Waste Cooking Oil (Sunflower Oil) for the Production of Fatty Acid Alkyl Esters using a Whole Cell Biocatalyst (Rhizopus oryzae) and Pure Lipase Enzyme

Recent research and technology have provided promising outcomes to rely on biodiesel as the alternative and conventional source of fuel. The use of renewable sources constitutes the main stream of research. Waste Cooking Oil (WCO) was used for biodiesel production in this study. Lipase enzyme producing fungi Rhizopus oryzae 262 and commercially available pure lipase enzyme were used for comparative study in the production of FAAE. The whole cell biocatalyst and pure enzyme were immobilized using calcium alginate beads. It was prepared by optimizing with different molar ratios of calcium chloride and different percent sodium alginate. Entrapment immobilization was done for whole cell biocatalyst. PE was also immobilized by entrapment for the transesterification reaction. Four different solvents methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, n-butanol were used as the acyl acceptors. The reaction parameters like temperature, molar ratio, reaction time, and amount of enzyme to be used were also optimized for methanol alone. The same parameters were adopted for the other acyl acceptors too. Among the different acyl acceptors, methanol whose reaction parameters were optimized showed maximum conversion of triglycerides to FAAE - 94% with PE and 84% with WCB. On the whole, PE showed better catalytic converting ability with all the acyl acceptor compared to WCB, further study, it was observed that three consecutive and reversible reactions occurred in the interesterification of triglycerides. So, a kinetic model based on Michaelis-Menten equation with competitive substrate inhibition was used to find the maximum reaction rate V_i for the four solvents using pure enzyme and WCB.     

铅处理对茴香植株生长及精油组分的影响

为了揭示铅对茴香（Foeniculum vulgare L.）生长和次生代谢产物-精油组分的影响及茴香植株对铅的吸收累积特性,本试验采用水培方法,在霍格兰营养液中加入铅,设计0（对照）、1 mg·L^-1、5 mg·L^-1、10 mg·L^-1处理,研究了不同铅质量浓度对茴香植株生长、精油组分及茴香植株对铅吸收累积的影响。结果表明：不同铅质量浓度处理对茴香植株的形态、生物量、色素质量分数、碳和氮质量分数、铅的吸收累积及精油组分均有影响。随着铅质量浓度的增加,茴香植株的株高呈降低趋势,且各处理之间差异显著,真叶数大致也呈降低趋势,但仅10 mg·L^-1处理显著低于对照,各处理的最大叶长差异均不显著,最大叶宽仅对照与5 mg·L^-1处理之间差异显著。随着铅质量浓度的增加,地上部鲜质量和干质量均呈逐渐降低趋势,且铅处理后的地上部鲜质量和干质量均显著低于对照,地下部鲜质量和干质量呈逐渐升高趋势,但铅处理后的地下部鲜质量和干质量与对照差异均不显著,根冠比呈逐渐增加趋势,但仅10 mg·L^-1处理显著高于对照。随着铅质量浓度的增加,叶绿素a、叶绿素b、叶绿素a＋b和类胡萝卜素质量分数均呈降低趋势,且均低于对照,叶绿素a/叶绿素b以5 mg·L^-1处理最高,但仅显著高于1 mg·L^-1处理。铅处理后,可溶性蛋白质质量分数均高于对照,但仅1 mg·L^-1处理和5 mg·L^-1处理显著高于对照,全氮质量分数与可溶性蛋白质质量分数的变化趋势基本一致,但各处理之间差异均不显著;随铅质量浓度的增加,可溶性糖质量分数呈降低趋势,除1 mg·L^-1处理显著高于对照外,其余铅处理均显著低于对照,各处理的全碳质量分数与对照差异均不显著。随铅质量浓度的增加,茴香植株对铅的吸收累积显著增加。不同铅质量浓度处理下的反式-茴香脑含量和含氧化合物均显著低于对照,以5 mg·L^-1铅处理最低,而柠檬烯含量和单萜类化合物均显著高于对照,以5 mg·L^-1铅处理最高;随铅质量浓度的增加,倍半萜类化合物含量呈降低趋势,且均低于对照。因此,铅能抑制茴香植株的生长;随铅质量浓度的增加,茴香植株对铅的吸收累积显著增加;铅处理能影响茴香精油组分,显著降低反式-茴香脑和含氧化合物含量,而显著提高柠檬烯和单萜类化合物含量。     

包膜材料对土壤酶活性的影响

以自然资源＂水冬瓜果油＂为包膜材料,利用盆栽试验,共设5个处理,研究在有菊花吸收养分的情况下,水冬瓜（Idesia polycarpa maxim.var.vestita dies）油包膜材料在土壤中的降解性能及对土壤酶活性的影响。结果表明：水冬瓜油包膜材料随土壤含水量的增加,降解速率加快。种植菊花的土壤过氧化氢酶、蔗糖酶、脲酶活性也呈现先上升、后下降的趋势。在土壤含水量为30%时,包膜材料半衰期只有62 d;在处理3（果油85%＋调理剂15%）中,土壤过氧化氢酶、土壤蔗糖酶和脲酶数量增加最多。因此,水冬瓜果油85%＋调理剂15%和土壤含水量30%,有利于土壤酶活性的提高,从而加快包膜材料的降解速度。     

Assessing stress response of Stylophora pistillata towards oil and phosphate pollution in the Gulf of Aqaba,using molecular and biochemical markers

Crude oil (from oil terminal) and raw phosphate (from phosphate port) pollution are responsible for the lowered health conditions of coral reefs at their vicinity in the Jordanian coast of the Gulf of Aqaba. Both in situ incubations and ex situ laboratory exposure experiments were used to study the effects of those pollutants on corals, by using molecular and biochemical biomarkers in the coral Stylophora pistillata. For ex situ part of the experiment, crude oil and raw phosphate were added to a final concentration of 500?ppm for both pollutants. The DNA damage was assessed by Comet assay, while biochemical stress markers were reassessed by lipid peroxidation (LPO) test. Although the corals looked healthy from outside, the use of stress biomarkers indicated that they are under high pressure at the cellular level. The corals incubated with oil and phosphate had more DNA damage and LPO in comparison with the control samples. The results obtained suggest that the use of stress biomarkers can be used as important prognostic tools for examining the sub-lethal stress on corals before their death.     

油气集输管道内防腐技术应用进展

针对油气田集输管道的内腐蚀问题,分别介绍了耐蚀材料、衬里技术、涂镀层技术与药剂防腐技术等管道内防腐技术及其现场应用效果,指出了耐蚀金属材料防腐效果显著,但存在经济效益差的缺点。为降低成本,选用双金属复合管替代耐蚀金属材料,但其焊缝位置腐蚀失效频发,成为制约其应用的薄弱环节。耐蚀非金属材料防腐效果显著,但耐高温性能与力学性能较差,受温度、压力与CO_2、H_2S、固体颗粒等介质成分的影响,衬里技术与涂镀层技术的应用范围受到限制。药剂防腐技术的防护效果与药剂类型、加药工艺密切相关,需要根据腐蚀工况监测结果进行实时调整。针对上述内防腐技术存在的问题,提出了未来内防腐技术的发展方向为改进现有内防腐技术存在的不足,提升其防护效果。同时,应开发防腐效果显著、经济成本低、施工简便、易于推广应用的防腐材料与防腐工艺技术。