低温热解油厌氧消化产甲烷条件研究

对低温热解油的厌氧消化条件进行研究,包括新鲜接种污泥的驯化,热解油厌氧消化条件的影响因素和生物质热解参数对最终厌氧消化的影响.通过控制不同热解参数及厌氧发酵参数的方法对耦合过程进行研究.结果 表明,新鲜接种污泥经过驯化可以显著提升其对热解油中抑制物的耐受性,进而大幅提升热解油厌氧消化的甲烷产量.中温的培养条件更适合浓度...     

聚二乙烯基苯功能化纺织布用于快速油水分离的研究

面对日趋严重的海洋漏油事故及工业含油废水排放问题,本研究提出了一种基于聚二乙烯基苯（PDVB）的超疏水纺织布制备方法,将二乙烯基苯单体在纺织布纤维上聚合生长,形成超疏水涂层,用于快速油水分离.结果表明,制备的纺织布具有优异的超疏水性,水接触角为155°,对不同油/水混合物的分离效率均高于97%,渗透通量达3077 L·m^-2·h^-1.在砂纸磨损40次、超声处理60 min和不同溶剂浸泡实验中依旧维持超疏水性.研究表明,该超疏水纺织布的制备方法高效、简单、环保、成本低,适合大规模生产,所制备的超疏水超亲油的纺织布是用于溢油清理和工业含油废水处理的非常有前途的材料.     

混合菌对原油的降解及其降解性能的研究

从污染土壤中分离筛选到四株石油组分降解菌被用于组建降解原油的混合菌体系.石油组分降解菌包括:烷烃降解菌洋葱伯克霍尔德氏菌(Burkholderia cepacia)GS3C、菲降解菌鞘氨醇单胞菌(Sphingomonas sp.)GY2B、芘降解菌GP3(假单胞菌(Pseudomonas sp.)GP3A和伯克菌科的菌株(Pandoraea pnomenusa)GP3B).气相色谱-质谱联用法(GC-MS)用于对原油降解性能的测定,并对原油组分的降解情况进行详细分析.通过对不同菌株的混合培养比较,得到降解原油的最佳组合G8(GS3C+GY2B+GP3B),培养5d后使初始原油浓度为2000mg·mL-1的总去除率达到69.20%,并且对烷烃类和芳烃类化合物都表现出较强的降解能力.混合菌G8对原油的总去除率比单菌提高了近30%,其最适生长条件为:温度为30℃,初始pH值为7,接种量为4%.     

Effcient degradation of lube oil by a mixed bacterial consortium

A laboratory study was performed to assess the biodegradation of lube oil in bio-reactor with 304# stainless steel as a biofilm carrier. Among 164 oil degrading bacterial cultures isolated from oil contaminated soil samples, Commaonas acidovorans Px1, Bacillus sp. Px2, Pseudomonas sp. Px3 were selected to prepare a mixed consortium for the study based on the e ciency of lube oil utilization. The percentage of oil degraded by the mixed bacterial consortium decreased slightly from 99% to 97.2% as the concentration of lube oil was increased from 2000 to 10,000 mg/L. The degradation of TDOC (total dissolved organic carbon) showed a similar tendency compared with lube oil removal, which indicated that the intermediates in degradation process hardly accumulated. Selected mixed bacterial consortium showed their edge compared to activated sludge. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) photos showed that biofilms on stainless steel were robust and with a dimensional framework constructed by EPS (extracellular polymeric substances), which could promote the biodegradation of hydrocarbons. The increase of biofilm followed first-order kinetics with rate of 0.216 g glucose/(cm2 day) in logarithm phase. With analysis of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) combined with removal of lube oil and TDOC, mixed bacterial consortium could degrade benzene and its derivatives, aromatic ring organic matters with a percentage over 97%.     

围岩位移自动监测记录系统

以往围岩位移监测的位移数据是先埋设好位移监测的设备后由工作人员定时采集。这种方式不能准确记录岩体发生变形的时间,数据量也较少,不利于对危险情况及时发现处理以及数据的后期研究分析。自动化监测系统采用短时间间隔的数据采集可以很好的克服以上的缺点。系统采用USB存储方式,将监测数据以文本文件的格式直接存储到U盘上,可以更方便的应用计算机处理数据。     

含硫原油炼制过程的恶臭污染与防治

含硫原油炼制过程中，原料、中间体、产品中含流量富，恶臭污染源数量增多，污染加重．恶臭污染的防治办法有改进炼油生产工艺、加强环保管理、采取污染治理措施等。     

基于高斯模型的液氨储罐泄漏扩散仿真分析

为研究氨气泄漏的扩散距离与风速的关系,有效控制和降低事故的后果,以渭南某化工企业液氨储罐为研究对象,对液氨储罐泄漏的扩散规律进行数值仿真分析。首先运用MATLAB仿真模拟软件,采用高斯羽流模型,研究液氨储罐的泄漏扩散的影响因素,确定液氨扩散中毒危险区域。然后运用SPSS软件,采用曲线估计的方法,拟合泄漏扩散造成的下风向以及横风向距离与风速的关系。研究结果表明:液氨储罐泄漏达到连续稳定状态时,同一储罐泄露速率与泄漏孔径相关,孔径越小泄露速率越小,导致危险区域面积越小;大气稳定度越差时,所造成的危险区域面积更大;空气流动速度增加导致大气趋向稳定,能有效减小泄漏源造成的危险区域面积;获得了液氨储罐在白天(夜间)泄漏孔径为50 mm(25 mm)时,任何风速下人员中毒轻伤、重伤以及死亡的范围。     

苏丹草与紫花苜蓿对新疆原油污染土壤的响应

为了研究修复植物对原油污染土壤的耐受响应,以苏丹草(Sorghum sudanense)和紫花苜蓿(Medicago Sativa)为供试材料,通过盆栽试验,研究了4种原油污染浓度的土壤(0.0,6.0,12.0,34.0 g/kg)对植物株高、生物量、光合速率和原油烃修复率的影响。结果表明:1)除低浓度处理组可显著促进紫花苜蓿的生长外,其余各处理组均对植物生长呈现显著抑制作用;2)各浓度处理组对2种植物生物量均呈现抑制趋势,紫花苜蓿在高浓度处理组,苏丹草在低、中浓度处理组下生物量受到显著抑制;3)苏丹草叶片的光合速率随着原油污染水平的增加呈降低趋势;4)2种植物均可修复原油污染土壤,不同浓度处理组之间修复效率差异显著,刈割处理后可以提高苏丹草原油烃的修复效率。随着原油污染浓度的增加,紫花苜蓿和苏丹草耐受响应不同。     

综合环境下舰载导弹弹上计算机加速寿命试验研究

目的研究一种综合考虑陆上环境与舰船环境多应力下的舰载导弹弹上计算机加速寿命试验方法,能更具代表性和真实性地描述产品在综合环境条件下的环境应力,进而为环境应力剖面尽可能准确地折算为加速应力剖面奠定基础。通过加速寿命试验,将产品贮存时间加速至目标年限,验证与评估产品剩余贮存寿命。方法针对舰船工作环境条件,从搭载研究对象的舰船出海海况入手,利用海况与舰船振动量值的对应关系,确定舰船振动应力。结合考虑综合环境下的其他应力,研究出一种结合温度-振动-电应力等环境条件的加速试验方法,以已经达到设计贮存寿命期限的舰载导弹弹上计算机为试验对象,开展温度-振动-电应力综合加速寿命试验。结果通过运用温度-振动-电应力的加速寿命试验方法,验证和评估了某型舰载导弹弹上计算机具备延寿至目标年限的剩余贮存寿命,取得了良好的试验效果。结论根据舰船工作环境对贮存寿命的影响,针对性地研究了舰船振动加速试验,给出一个更加贴合实际寿命的寿命评估结果,为后续延寿研究工作提供了可靠依据。     

Laboratory calibration of the seismo-acoustic response of CO2 saturated sandstones

Ultrasonic experiments were undertaken on CO₂ flooded sandstone core samples, both synthetic sandstones and core plugs from the CRC1 CO₂ injection well in the Otway Basin, Victoria, South Eastern. Australia. The aim of these laboratory tests was to investigate the effects of CO₂ as a pore fluid on the seismo-acoustic response of the sandstone and ultimately to provide an indication of the sensitivity of time-lapse seismic imaging of the eventual CO₂/CH₄ plume in the Otway, Waarre C formation.The synthetic sandstones were manufactured using both a proprietary calcium in situ precipitation (CIPS) process and a silica cementing technique. Samples were tested in a computer controlled triaxial pressure cell where pore pressures can be controlled independently of the confining pressures. The pressure cell is equipped with ultrasonic transducers housed in the loading platens. Consequently, effective pressures equivalent to those expected in the reservoir can be applied while ultrasonic testing is undertaken. Both compressional, P and shear waves, S were recorded via a digital oscilloscope at a range of effective pressure steps. Pore pressures were varied from 4 MPa to 17 MPa to represent both the gaseous and liquid phase regions of the CO₂ phase diagram. Similar experiments were conducted on core plugs from the Waarre C reservoir horizon obtained from the CRC1 injection well, but with an intervening brine-saturated step and in some cases with a CO₂/CH₄ mix of 80%/20% molar fraction which is representative of the field situation. However, the pore pressure in these experiments was held at 4 MPa. Finally, acoustic impedances and reflection coefficients were calculated for the reservoir using Gassmann theory and the implications for imaging the CO₂ plume is discussed.