城市污水处理厂及其受纳水体中5种典型PPCPs的赋存特征和生态风险

以5种药品及个人护理用品(pharmaceuticals and personal care products,PPCPs)包括氯贝酸、酮洛芬、萘普生、双氯芬酸和布洛芬为目标物,初步研究了它们在上海某生活污水处理厂不同污水处理单元中的赋存特征和去除特性,探讨了污水处理厂受纳河流中5种PPCPs的分布情况,并对其在受纳水体中的生态风险进行了初步评估.结果表明,5种PPCPs在污水处理厂进水中均被检出,表明生活污水是污水处理厂中PPCPs的来源之一.5种PPCPs在整个污水处理工艺中不能全部去除,微生物转化/降解是主要降解机制.受纳污水河流中5种PPCPs的分布特征与污水处理厂出水中的相似,且排污口下游水体中目标物浓度普遍高于上游,反映出污水处理厂排放可能是其受纳水体中PPCPs的主要来源之一.初步风险评估结果表明,受纳水体中双氯芬酸存在高生态风险,而酮洛芬、萘普生、氯贝酸和布洛芬的生态风险相对较低.     

太阳电池阵基板原子氧防护膜试验评价研究

对太阳电池阵基板用涂有有机硅／SiO2杂化涂层的Kapton膜进行的工程化应用试验评价研究进行了介绍。通过真空下材料的出气试验,对材料的总质量损失（TML）和可凝挥发物（CVCM）进行了测试。进行了温度冲击试验、粒子辐照试验,对涂层的环境耐受性进行了研究。通过原子氧试验,对带涂层薄膜的原子氧剥蚀率进行了研究。此外还对涂层薄膜进行了力学性能试验和粘接性能试验,对带涂层薄膜的拉伸强度、胶接剪切性能及与基板胶接后的剥离性能进行了测试。试验结果表明防护涂层满足工程应用的技术要求。     

装药结构热安全性试验方法及其特点分析

目的 在装药结构的热安全性试验时选择合理的加热方法.方法 从燃料、加热速率、温度范围、温度可控性、温区可控性、对试件影响等方面对开放油池火烧、可控喷射火烧、红外辐射灯阵、电加热带、电加热箱等常用的加热方式进行对比分析.结果 对于快烤加载,红外辐射灯阵兼具开放油池火烧和可控喷射火烧的优势,能够实现温度为800～1200℃...     

Temporal and spatial changes of microbial community in an industrial effluent receiving area in Hangzhou Bay

Anthropogenic activities usually contaminate water environments, and have led to the eutrophication of many estuaries and shifts in microbial communities. In this study, the temporal and spatial changes of the microbial community in an industrial effluent receiving area in Hangzhou Bay were investigated by 454 pyrosequencing. The bacterial community showed higher richness and biodiversity than the archaeal community in all sediments. Proteobacteria dominated in the bacterial communities of all the samples; Marine_Group_Ⅰ and Methanomicrobia were the two dominant archaeal classes in the effluent receiving area. PCoA and AMOVA revealed strong seasonal but minor spatial changes in both bacterial and archaeal communities in the sediments. The seasonal changes of the bacterial community were less significant than those of the archaeal community, which mainly consisted of fluctuations in abundance of a large proportion of longstanding species rather than the appearance and disappearance of major archaeal species. Temperature was found to positively correlate with the dominant bacteria, Betaproteobacteria, and negatively correlate with the dominant archaea,Marine_Group_Ⅰ; and might be the primary driving force for the seasonal variation of the microbial community.     

Echolocation signals of the bat Eptesicus serotinus recorded using a vertical microphone array: effect of flight altitude on searching signals

The acoustic behaviour of Eptesicus serotinus was investigated in the field using a 13.5-m vertical, linear microphone array that allowed for simultaneous recordings at three different heights and for the calculation of flight altitude and distance from the array. Recordings were made at two locations that differed in bat species diversity. E. serotinus hunted on average at an altitude of 10.7 m (±2.7) at one location and 6.8 m (±3.6) at the other location. Search signals were 5–17 ms long depending on flight altitude, and consisted of two to three frequency-modulated harmonics. For bats flying below 8–10 m altitude, signal duration decreased with decreasing flight altitude, whereas signal interval, terminal frequency, peak frequency and frequency range of the first harmonic increased. Above 8–10 m flight altitude, the signal parameters were fairly constant. The –10 dB bandwidth and duty cycle did not change with flight altitude. Source levels were calculated to between 121 and 125 dB peSPL re 20 μPa at 10 cm. For bats flying higher than 9 m, the microphone placed 1.5 m above the ground recorded significantly reduced signal durations and frequency ranges of the first harmonic compared to the same signals recorded with the microphones at heights of 7 or 15 m. We caution the use of ground recordings to fully describe the echolocation signals of high-flying bats. We demonstrate that flight altitude significantly influences the structure of sonar signals from E. serotinus. Received: 17 May 1999 / Received in revised form: 20 September 1999 / Accepted: 25 September 1999     

Application of decision tools to ethical analysis in biodiversity conservation

Achieving ethically responsible decisions is crucial for the success of biodiversity conservation projects. We adapted the ethical matrix, decision tree, and Bateson's cube to assist in the ethical analysis of complex conservation scenarios by structuring these tools so that they can implement the different value dimensions (environmental, social, and animal welfare) involved in conservation ethics. We then applied them to a case study relative to the decision-making process regarding whether or not to continue collecting biomaterial on the oldest of the two remaining northern white rhinoceroses (Ceratotherium simum cottoni), a functionally extinct subspecies of the white rhinoceros. We used the ethical matrix to gather ethical pros and cons and as a starting point for a participatory approach to ethical decision-making. We used decision trees to compare the different options at stake on the basis of a set of ethical desiderata. We used Bateson's cube to establish a threshold of ethical acceptability and model the results of a simple survey. The application of these tools proved to be pivotal in structuring the decision-making process and in helping reach a shared, reasoned, and transparent decision on the best option from an ethical point of view among those available.     

某液化天然气接收站及码头消防安全系统分析

参考国内外相关标准规范对山东LNG接收站及码头防火设计和消防系统配置进行了系统研究,对消防水系统、高倍数泡沫灭火系统、干粉灭火系统和消防站等关键消防设施进行了重点论述。